行政法学研究
行政法學研究
행정법학연구
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
2014年
3期
22-32
,共11页
强制接种%国家责任%不良反应%行政法
彊製接種%國傢責任%不良反應%行政法
강제접충%국가책임%불량반응%행정법
Mandatory Vaccination%State Responsibility%Adverse Reaction%Administrative Law
作为典型的风险领域，预防接种风险与收益并存。从1948年颁布《预防接种法》至今，日本预防接种制度目的从社会防卫走向个人防卫，预防接种行政也经历了从集中接种、强制接种走向个别接种、劝奖接种的转变，法律责任从无责任、民事责任转为损失补偿和国家赔偿责任。上述变革是日本预防接种理论和实践在反复质疑、论证和妥协后所寻求的一次次平衡，其制度背后的实践困境、理论探讨和变革过程值得我国借鉴。
作為典型的風險領域，預防接種風險與收益併存。從1948年頒佈《預防接種法》至今，日本預防接種製度目的從社會防衛走嚮箇人防衛，預防接種行政也經歷瞭從集中接種、彊製接種走嚮箇彆接種、勸獎接種的轉變，法律責任從無責任、民事責任轉為損失補償和國傢賠償責任。上述變革是日本預防接種理論和實踐在反複質疑、論證和妥協後所尋求的一次次平衡，其製度揹後的實踐睏境、理論探討和變革過程值得我國藉鑒。
작위전형적풍험영역，예방접충풍험여수익병존。종1948년반포《예방접충법》지금，일본예방접충제도목적종사회방위주향개인방위，예방접충행정야경력료종집중접충、강제접충주향개별접충、권장접충적전변，법률책임종무책임、민사책임전위손실보상화국가배상책임。상술변혁시일본예방접충이론화실천재반복질의、론증화타협후소심구적일차차평형，기제도배후적실천곤경、이론탐토화변혁과정치득아국차감。
As one typical risk area, there are both benefits and risks in vaccination. Since 1948 when the Vaccination Law was released, its purpose changed from social defense to individual defense, the related administration changed from centralized and mandatory vaccination to individual and awarding vaccination, and the related legal responsibility changed from no responsibility or civil responsibility to loss compensation and state compensation. These above changes are the balance after repeated questioning, reasoning and compromise in theory and practice in Japan, the behind practical plights, theoretical discussion and change processes of which are worthy of our reference.
