中国环境监测
中國環境鑑測
중국배경감측
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN CHINA
2014年
4期
56-61
,共6页
董有为%李名升%张文具%李茜%夏新%张建辉%吕欣
董有為%李名升%張文具%李茜%夏新%張建輝%呂訢
동유위%리명승%장문구%리천%하신%장건휘%려흔
环境空气质量%评价体系%评价标准%空气质量指数
環境空氣質量%評價體繫%評價標準%空氣質量指數
배경공기질량%평개체계%평개표준%공기질량지수
environmental air quality%assessment system%evaluation standard%AQI
在分析环境空气质量评价体系的变化的基础上,通过分析实际监测数据说明评价体系变化对评价结果的影响。结果表明:由于NO2和PM10的年平均二级浓度限值收严,用新标准评价全国325个地级以上城市2012年的达标情况,将有164个城市由达标变为不达标;参照《环境空气质量评价技术规范(试行)》评价2012年度地级以上城市的达标情况,达标率由91?4%降为41?8%;不同时段O3的1 h平均浓度值对计算其8 h滑动平均浓度值的贡献不同,可能引起8 h滑动平均浓度值计算结果的差异;由于在计算实时空气质量指数时PM10和PM2?5使用24 h滑动平均浓度值,当空气质量突变时会出现评价结果与实际污染状况不符的情况。
在分析環境空氣質量評價體繫的變化的基礎上,通過分析實際鑑測數據說明評價體繫變化對評價結果的影響。結果錶明:由于NO2和PM10的年平均二級濃度限值收嚴,用新標準評價全國325箇地級以上城市2012年的達標情況,將有164箇城市由達標變為不達標;參照《環境空氣質量評價技術規範(試行)》評價2012年度地級以上城市的達標情況,達標率由91?4%降為41?8%;不同時段O3的1 h平均濃度值對計算其8 h滑動平均濃度值的貢獻不同,可能引起8 h滑動平均濃度值計算結果的差異;由于在計算實時空氣質量指數時PM10和PM2?5使用24 h滑動平均濃度值,噹空氣質量突變時會齣現評價結果與實際汙染狀況不符的情況。
재분석배경공기질량평개체계적변화적기출상,통과분석실제감측수거설명평개체계변화대평개결과적영향。결과표명:유우NO2화PM10적년평균이급농도한치수엄,용신표준평개전국325개지급이상성시2012년적체표정황,장유164개성시유체표변위불체표;삼조《배경공기질량평개기술규범(시행)》평개2012년도지급이상성시적체표정황,체표솔유91?4%강위41?8%;불동시단O3적1 h평균농도치대계산기8 h활동평균농도치적공헌불동,가능인기8 h활동평균농도치계산결과적차이;유우재계산실시공기질량지수시PM10화PM2?5사용24 h활동평균농도치,당공기질량돌변시회출현평개결과여실제오염상황불부적정황。
The changes of the environmental air quality assessment system and the effects of the assessment system to the evaluation results were studied through analyzing practical monitoring data. Results showed that: The annual average secondary concentration limit values of NO2 and PM10 became stricter. Using new standard to evaluate the status of reaching the standard of 325 cities at prefecture level or above in China in 2012, 164 cities which had ever reached the standard could not reach the standard. According “technical specification of environmental air quality assessment ( Trial )” to evaluate cities at prefecture level or above in 2012, standard-reaching rate reduced from 91?4% to 41?8%. 1-hour average concentration of O3 of different time contributed different to calculation for 8-hour sliding average concentration of O3 , which may cause the difference in the results of calculating 8-hour sliding average concentration values. Because PM10 and PM2?5 use 24-hour sliding average concentration values to calculate real-time IAQI, evaluation results and actual pollution status didn’ t match when air quality suddenly changed.