CAJ | 학술논문

随着石墨负极的成功商用，锂离子电池在智能手机、笔记本电脑等便携式电子设备中已得到广泛的应用。经过20多年的发展，现有基于嵌锂化合物正极的锂离子电池已接近其理论容量，但仍不能满足高速发展的电子工业和新兴的电动汽车等行业的要求，寻找具有更高能量密度的电池系统迫在眉睫。锂硫电池系统具有极高的理论能量密度，在多种储能系统中是最具潜力的一种二次电池。但是锂硫电池中也存在硫的电导率极低、多硫化物溶解迁移等问题，使其在走向实用化的过程中遇到许多困难。纳米碳质材料在新型锂硫电池的开发过程中处于重要地位，通过纳米炭的引入，可以获得导电复合正极材料，控制多硫化物的穿梭，从而有望实现正极硫材料的高效利用。综述了基于纳米炭-硫复合正极材料，尤其是碳纳米管、石墨烯、多孔炭以及其杂化物等材料复合的电极，分析其结构与锂硫电池性能的关系，并展望锂硫电池的发展方向。
수착석묵부겁적성공상용，리리자전지재지능수궤、필기본전뇌등편휴식전자설비중이득도엄범적응용。경과20다년적발전，현유기우감리화합물정겁적리리자전지이접근기이론용량，단잉불능만족고속발전적전자공업화신흥적전동기차등행업적요구，심조구유경고능량밀도적전지계통박재미첩。리류전지계통구유겁고적이론능량밀도，재다충저능계통중시최구잠력적일충이차전지。단시리류전지중야존재류적전도솔겁저、다류화물용해천이등문제，사기재주향실용화적과정중우도허다곤난。납미탄질재료재신형리류전지적개발과정중처우중요지위，통과납미탄적인입，가이획득도전복합정겁재료，공제다류화물적천사，종이유망실현정겁류재료적고효이용。종술료기우납미탄-류복합정겁재료，우기시탄납미관、석묵희、다공탄이급기잡화물등재료복합적전겁，분석기결구여리류전지성능적관계，병전망리류전지적발전방향。
Lithium-ion batteries ( LIBs) are extensively used in numerous portable devices such as smart-phones and laptops. However, current LIBs based on the conventional intercalation mechanism cannot meet the requirements of the electronics industry and electric vehicles although they are approaching their theoretical capacity. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to seek for systems with higher energy densities. Among various promising candidates, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with a high theoretical capacity are very attractive. However, the commercial use of Li-S batteries still faces obstacles such as the low electrical conductivity of sul-fur and lithium sulfide and the dissolution of polysulfides. The introduction of nanocarbon materials into Li-S batteries sheds light on the efficient utilization of sulfur by improving the conductivity of the composites and restraining the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Here, we give a brief review of recent progress on carbon/ sulfur composites, especially carbon nanotube-, graphene-and porous car-bon-based hybrids, new insights on the relationships between the structure and the electrochemical performance, and propose some important aspects for the future development of Li-S batteries.