CAJ | 학술논문

基于对历史与现实的考察与批判，王船山描绘了自己的社会理想。其社会理想以“公天下”为思想核心，以“仁以厚其类则不私其权，义以正其纪则不妄于授”为理论论纲，具体内容主要包括土地民有制的呼唤、财产民享制的追求和职位开放制的憧憬三个方面。土地民有、财产民享和职位开放等观念的提出是明清之际经济结构最直接的体现，是公私观念变化的结果，实为“民有”、“民享”、“民治”的民主思想的理论先声。这些观念的公开提出揭开了皇权官僚专制主义社会长期以来蒙着国家、家族的“公有”伦理的虚伪面纱，为早期私人产业及其利益提供了有力的辩护。因此，准确地揭示王船山的社会理想可以有效地驳斥马克斯·韦伯关于中国发展不出资本主义的观点。
기우대역사여현실적고찰여비판，왕선산묘회료자기적사회이상。기사회이상이“공천하”위사상핵심，이“인이후기류칙불사기권，의이정기기칙불망우수”위이론론강，구체내용주요포괄토지민유제적호환、재산민향제적추구화직위개방제적동경삼개방면。토지민유、재산민향화직위개방등관념적제출시명청지제경제결구최직접적체현，시공사관념변화적결과，실위“민유”、“민향”、“민치”적민주사상적이론선성。저사관념적공개제출게개료황권관료전제주의사회장기이래몽착국가、가족적“공유”윤리적허위면사，위조기사인산업급기이익제공료유력적변호。인차，준학지게시왕선산적사회이상가이유효지박척마극사·위백관우중국발전불출자본주의적관점。
Wang Chuanshan’s social ideal is based on his studies and critiques of the history and social reality.His social i-deal centers on the core idea of “Justifying our own world”,whose main theoretical principle is “the highest requirement of be-nevolence is to love the nation so as not to possess all the rights for one’s own purpose;while the highest requirement of justice is to support the principle of social order and law of one’s own nation,so as not to confer the political power to those with no talent nor virtue”.The detailed contents of his theoretical principle mainly includes three aspects:the appeal for the private ownership of land,the pursuit for the system of shared property and the vision for the opening up of positions.The publicity of these ideas reveals the hypocritical veil covered by ethics of public ownership in our country and families which has been long existed since the imperial bureaucratic authoritarian society.The propose also provides a strong defend for the early private in-dustries and their interests,as significant as the meaning of Western enlightenment scholars’s declarations like “man’s natural right”,“inviolability of private property”to the development of Western capitalism.