CAJ | 학술논문

权力制约思想在以儒、法、道为代表的先秦政治思想中有大量经典论述。儒家从“人性善”出发，基于“民”的视角，主张运用“天”、“仁”、“礼”对君主的德行加以规范，进而使其在使用权力、治理国家中施行“仁政”；法家从“人性恶”出发，基于“君”的视角，主张君处“势”并以“法”、“术”为手段对“臣民”进行严密控制；道家则从“百姓”的角度出发，主张君王应遵循“道”的原则，以“无为”、“自然”的方式使用权力、治理国家，强调人之淳朴本性的保存。三家关于权力制约的不同论述在权力制约路径、政策合理制定、政府职能边界和能、权、责一致的指标要求方面对我国现代权力使用和权力规范提供了有益的启示。
권력제약사상재이유、법、도위대표적선진정치사상중유대량경전논술。유가종“인성선”출발，기우“민”적시각，주장운용“천”、“인”、“례”대군주적덕행가이규범，진이사기재사용권력、치리국가중시행“인정”；법가종“인성악”출발，기우“군”적시각，주장군처“세”병이“법”、“술”위수단대“신민”진행엄밀공제；도가칙종“백성”적각도출발，주장군왕응준순“도”적원칙，이“무위”、“자연”적방식사용권력、치리국가，강조인지순박본성적보존。삼가관우권력제약적불동논술재권력제약로경、정책합리제정、정부직능변계화능、권、책일치적지표요구방면대아국현대권력사용화권력규범제공료유익적계시。
The thought of power restriction has a lot of classical discussions in Confucianism,Legalism,and Dao-ism which are the representatives of the Pre-Qin Dynasty political thoughts. Confucianism goes from the" goodness of human nature",bases on " people" perspective,advocates the use of " Heaven"," benevolence" and "rite" to regulate the virtues of the monarch,thus making the implementation of power-use and country-governance in " benevolent ";Legalism goes from " evil of human nature",bases on the " monarch" perspective ,advo-cates the powerful monarch use " law" and " operation" as means to keep " subjects" in strict control;Taoism goes from the " human",advocates the king should follow the principle of " Tao",uses power in " non-action"and " natural" way to govern the country,emphases on preserving human nature. Three different discussions about power constraints provide beneficial enlightenment on the power path,policy making,government function bounda-ry and the consistent of ability,right,responsibility in our modern use of power and power specification.