CAJ | 학술논문

关于史学批评的零散言论早在先秦时期已经出现。两汉时期，司马迁评论《春秋》、班彪评论《史记》，奠定了史学批评传统的基础。魏晋隋唐时期，史学批评传统从具体的批评上升到了理论阐述的高度。至清代章学诚，史学批评传统实现了哲理化的提升。史学批评传统对于中国史学的影响突出地表现在三个方面：第一，史学批评是引领史学发展方向的重要因素；第二，史学批评是史学创新的前提；第三，史学批评在晚清民国的史学革命中扮演了急先锋和催化剂的角色。传统强调传承，批评则指向变革。史学批评传统是理性的反省，是理智的观察，是深沉的思考。历代史学家在史学批评中获得了研究的灵感与动力、取得新的史学成就，中国史学也在史学批评传统的指引下不断地完善自我、走向繁荣。
관우사학비평적령산언론조재선진시기이경출현。량한시기，사마천평론《춘추》、반표평론《사기》，전정료사학비평전통적기출。위진수당시기，사학비평전통종구체적비평상승도료이론천술적고도。지청대장학성，사학비평전통실현료철이화적제승。사학비평전통대우중국사학적영향돌출지표현재삼개방면：제일，사학비평시인령사학발전방향적중요인소；제이，사학비평시사학창신적전제；제삼，사학비평재만청민국적사학혁명중분연료급선봉화최화제적각색。전통강조전승，비평칙지향변혁。사학비평전통시이성적반성，시리지적관찰，시심침적사고。역대사학가재사학비평중획득료연구적령감여동력、취득신적사학성취，중국사학야재사학비평전통적지인하불단지완선자아、주향번영。
Historiography criticism begins in the form of fragmented speeches in the pre-Qin period. SIMA Qian’ s comments on Chunqiu and BAN Biao’ s comments on Shiji are the earliest records in histo-riography criticism tradition. From Wei and Jin to Sui and Tang dynasties, historiography criticism tradi-tion evolves from the detailed criticism to theoretical elaboration. Till ZHANG Xue-cheng of the Qing dy-nasty, historiography criticism becomes a philosophical research. The influence of historiography criticism on Chinese historiography are shown in three aspects: Firstly, historical criticism leads the direction of historiography research;Secondly, historiography criticism is the premise of historical innovation;Final-ly, historical criticism plays a significant role in historical revolution during the late Qing dynasty and the period of the Republic of China. Tradition means inheritance while criticism means changes. Historiogra-phy criticism tradition indicates rational reflection, reasonable insight and profound thinking. Under the guidance of historiography criticism, Chinese historians had made great achievement and in turn, Chinese historiography is self improving under the guidance of historiography criticism.