CAJ | 학술논문

PDC钻头是超深井硬地层主要的破岩工具。由于黏滑振动引发的PDC钻头过早失效是造成超深井钻井成本增加的一个重要因素。本文针对PDC钻头的黏滑振动效应，理论分析了黏滑振动机理，建立了PDC钻头黏滑振动系统的力学模型，并用高频低幅扭转冲击器及优化钻头结构的方式来消除钻头的黏滑振动。研究结果表明：PDC钻头长度越长，能量衰减越快，扭转冲击能量传递效率越低；PDC钻头截面积越大，长度越小，高频扭转冲击器冲击系统能量传递效率越高。新疆塔里木盆地XK3井试验表明，扭转冲击工具与常规钻具相比机械钻速提高1倍以上，能够有效消除PDC钻头的黏滑振动效应，减轻钻柱扭转振荡，降低钻井成本。
PDC찬두시초심정경지층주요적파암공구。유우점활진동인발적PDC찬두과조실효시조성초심정찬정성본증가적일개중요인소。본문침대PDC찬두적점활진동효응，이론분석료점활진동궤리，건립료PDC찬두점활진동계통적역학모형，병용고빈저폭뉴전충격기급우화찬두결구적방식래소제찬두적점활진동。연구결과표명：PDC찬두장도월장，능량쇠감월쾌，뉴전충격능량전체효솔월저；PDC찬두절면적월대，장도월소，고빈뉴전충격기충격계통능량전체효솔월고。신강탑리목분지XK3정시험표명，뉴전충격공구여상규찬구상비궤계찬속제고1배이상，능구유효소제PDC찬두적점활진동효응，감경찬주뉴전진탕，강저찬정성본。
PDC bit is the main rock-breaking tool in hard formation of ultra-deep wells. Its premature failure due to the stick-slip vibration is an important factor that results in increasing the drilling cost in ultra-deep wells. According to its stick-slip vibration effects, this paper analyzed stick-slip vibration mechanism theoretically, established the mechanical model of PDC bit stick-slip vibration sys-tem, and used high frequency-low amplitude torsion impact generator and bit structure optimization, for eliminating the drill stick-slip vibration. The results show that:length of PDC bit is longer, as a result, energy decays faster and energy transfer efifciency of torsion impacter is lower;section area is larger, as a result, length is smaller and energy transfer efifciency of high-frequency torsion impacter system is higher; Xinjiang Tarim Basin XK3 Well tests show that torsional impact tools could improve penetration rate more than doubled compared with the conventional drilling, could eliminate the stick-slip vibration effects of PDC bit, and could reduce the drilling string torsion oscillations and the drilling cost.