气象科技进展
氣象科技進展
기상과기진전
Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology
2014年
5期
21-29
,共9页
城市化%气候效应%人为热释放%数值模拟%高分辨率
城市化%氣候效應%人為熱釋放%數值模擬%高分辨率
성시화%기후효응%인위열석방%수치모의%고분변솔
urbanization%climatic effect%anthropogenic heat release%numerical simulation%high resolution
随着人类社会经济的不断发展，世界各地特别是中国城市化进程十分迅速。城市化的气候效应已成为一个具有重大现实与科学意义的问题，不少科技工作者已经利用观测资料和数值模式对城市化的气候效应进行了一系列的研究。首先从观测资料的角度介绍城市化气候效应的具体表现，然后根据城市化进程影响区域气候的三类主要途径，即城市土地利用变化、人为热释放和人为气溶胶排放，对国内外城市化气候效应的研究，特别是数值模拟研究，进行了综合回顾与分析。结合作者近几年所做的工作，系统总结了城市化气候效应研究的新进展以及所面临的问题，并提出了城市化气候效应的应对策略和未来研究展望。目前的城市化气候效应模拟研究结果还具有较大的不确定性，随着模式物理过程的改进完善和高性能计算能力的迅速提升，进行高分辨率和长时间的城市化区域气候效应集合模拟研究将成为解决这一领域关键科学问题的有效途径。
隨著人類社會經濟的不斷髮展，世界各地特彆是中國城市化進程十分迅速。城市化的氣候效應已成為一箇具有重大現實與科學意義的問題，不少科技工作者已經利用觀測資料和數值模式對城市化的氣候效應進行瞭一繫列的研究。首先從觀測資料的角度介紹城市化氣候效應的具體錶現，然後根據城市化進程影響區域氣候的三類主要途徑，即城市土地利用變化、人為熱釋放和人為氣溶膠排放，對國內外城市化氣候效應的研究，特彆是數值模擬研究，進行瞭綜閤迴顧與分析。結閤作者近幾年所做的工作，繫統總結瞭城市化氣候效應研究的新進展以及所麵臨的問題，併提齣瞭城市化氣候效應的應對策略和未來研究展望。目前的城市化氣候效應模擬研究結果還具有較大的不確定性，隨著模式物理過程的改進完善和高性能計算能力的迅速提升，進行高分辨率和長時間的城市化區域氣候效應集閤模擬研究將成為解決這一領域關鍵科學問題的有效途徑。
수착인류사회경제적불단발전，세계각지특별시중국성시화진정십분신속。성시화적기후효응이성위일개구유중대현실여과학의의적문제，불소과기공작자이경이용관측자료화수치모식대성시화적기후효응진행료일계렬적연구。수선종관측자료적각도개소성시화기후효응적구체표현，연후근거성시화진정영향구역기후적삼류주요도경，즉성시토지이용변화、인위열석방화인위기용효배방，대국내외성시화기후효응적연구，특별시수치모의연구，진행료종합회고여분석。결합작자근궤년소주적공작，계통총결료성시화기후효응연구적신진전이급소면림적문제，병제출료성시화기후효응적응대책략화미래연구전망。목전적성시화기후효응모의연구결과환구유교대적불학정성，수착모식물리과정적개진완선화고성능계산능력적신속제승，진행고분변솔화장시간적성시화구역기후효응집합모의연구장성위해결저일영역관건과학문제적유효도경。
With the development of human society and the acceleration of urbanization in the world, especially in China, climatic effect of urbanization has become a realistic issue with important scientiifc signiifcance. Many scientists have conducted a series of studies on the climatic effect of urbanization using observation data and the numerical simulation. In the paper, ifrstly, based on the analysis of observation data, the climatic effect of urbanization is introduced, and then, according to the three main ways (the urban land use change, anthropogenic heat release and artiifcial aerosol emissions), there is a comprehensive review and analysis of the studies on climatic effect of urbanization both in China and abroad, especially in the numerical simulation. Combined with the work of the author in recent years, the new progress in the study on climate effect of urbanization as well its the problems is summarized. The adaptation strategies for climate effect of urbanization and the future research prospects are proposed. There is a large uncertainty in the present simulation results for climate effect of urbanization. Along with the improved physical processes in model and rapid development in high-performance computing technology, the high resolution and long-period ensemble simulation is sure to become an effective way to resolve the key scientiifc issues in urbanization.
