CAJ | 학술논문

小麦根系在土壤中的分布是准确量化植被与气候相互作用不可缺少的参数，也是小麦生产的科学管理和节水农业发展的重要科学依据。利用中国气象局固城生态环境与农业气象试验站大型根系观测系统，观测冬小麦“济麦-22”的根系参数，对根长、根长密度、根重密度和根系粗度在土壤中的垂直分布进行分析。结果表明：在垂直方向上，冬小麦的根量（根长和根干重）随土壤深度增加呈减少分布。重旱、轻中旱、适宜和偏湿4种水分处理的根长垂直分布与自然对照的相关系数分别为0.91、0.29、0.90和0.86，其中重旱与自然对照的相关性最好，轻中旱较差。土壤水分可以影响冬小麦根系的生长，土壤水分充足时，有利于根系生长，使表层根系增多，根干物质增加；土壤水分亏缺时，则相反。轻度干旱有利于中下层根系的延伸生长。冬小麦的根长密度与根重密度的相关系数呈显著的正相关，根系粗度随土壤深度的增加而减少。
소맥근계재토양중적분포시준학양화식피여기후상호작용불가결소적삼수，야시소맥생산적과학관리화절수농업발전적중요과학의거。이용중국기상국고성생태배경여농업기상시험참대형근계관측계통，관측동소맥“제맥-22”적근계삼수，대근장、근장밀도、근중밀도화근계조도재토양중적수직분포진행분석。결과표명：재수직방향상，동소맥적근량（근장화근간중）수토양심도증가정감소분포。중한、경중한、괄의화편습4충수분처리적근장수직분포여자연대조적상관계수분별위0.91、0.29、0.90화0.86，기중중한여자연대조적상관성최호，경중한교차。토양수분가이영향동소맥근계적생장，토양수분충족시，유리우근계생장，사표층근계증다，근간물질증가；토양수분우결시，칙상반。경도간한유리우중하층근계적연신생장。동소맥적근장밀도여근중밀도적상관계수정현저적정상관，근계조도수토양심도적증가이감소。
Development of wheat root system in soil under field condition is an indispensable parameter,which could quantify accurately the reaction between vegetation and climate and provide references for scientific manage-ment of wheat production and development of water saving agriculture.Using a large root monitoring system at Gucheng ecological environment and agriculturual observation station,roots of wheat species“NO.22 Jimai”were observated,including root length,root length density,root dry-weight density and root diameter.Vertical distribu-tions of roots were analyzed.The results indicate that the root length and root dry-weight decrease with increase of soil depth.There are four different treatments in this experiment,i.e.severe drought,light/middle drought,suitable moisture and heavy moisture.Correlation coefficients of root lengths between four treatments and a control experi-ment are 0.9 1 ,0.29 ,0.90 and 0.86 respectively.Root growth can be affected by soil moisture conditions.It is conducive to increase the amount of wheat root in upper layers and root biomass under sufficient soil water condi-tion,while the inverse is true under water stress.Light drought is favorable to extend wheat roots in middle/lower layer soil.Root length density and root dry-weight density have a significant positive linear correlation in various soil depths.Root diameter decreases with increase of soil depth.