CAJ | 학술논문

因特厚(10 m以上)松软复合顶板原位强度低、层理裂隙发育，其巷道维护不当极易造成大面积冒顶伤亡事故。结合典型的工程实例，采用原位实测、物理模拟与数值计算手段，分析特厚松软复合顶板的结构形态与破坏特征，揭示特厚复合顶板巷道浅部岩层锚杆组合梁与深部岩体锚索承载拱的形成及其拱-梁耦合作用机制。研究表明：高应力环境下，复合顶板受层状构造、结构面特征及层间结合度等因素的影响，其离层破裂具有迅速扩展的本性，其破坏形态主要包括弯曲断裂、错动滑移及碎胀扩容；在特厚松软复合顶板中构建的拱-梁耦合支护结构是维护巷道围岩稳定的结构主体，其对顶板稳定控制作用明显，与锚杆支护巷道相比，顶板可承受最大应力提高77.8%，巷道断面收缩率减小52%，增加锚索密度可使巷道支护结构稳定性显著增加；浅部锚杆组合梁可促进深部锚索承载拱的形成，深部锚索承载拱对浅部组合梁具有减压、降载和明显的减跨效应。建立巷道拱-梁结构体系力学模型，实现对巷道支护结构的稳定性设计与评价，为同类特厚复合顶板巷道支护参数设计提供借鉴。
인특후(10 m이상)송연복합정판원위강도저、층리렬극발육，기항도유호불당겁역조성대면적모정상망사고。결합전형적공정실례，채용원위실측、물리모의여수치계산수단，분석특후송연복합정판적결구형태여파배특정，게시특후복합정판항도천부암층묘간조합량여심부암체묘색승재공적형성급기공-량우합작용궤제。연구표명：고응력배경하，복합정판수층상구조、결구면특정급층간결합도등인소적영향，기리층파렬구유신속확전적본성，기파배형태주요포괄만곡단렬、착동활이급쇄창확용；재특후송연복합정판중구건적공-량우합지호결구시유호항도위암은정적결구주체，기대정판은정공제작용명현，여묘간지호항도상비，정판가승수최대응력제고77.8%，항도단면수축솔감소52%，증가묘색밀도가사항도지호결구은정성현저증가；천부묘간조합량가촉진심부묘색승재공적형성，심부묘색승재공대천부조합량구유감압、강재화명현적감과효응。건립항도공-량결구체계역학모형，실현대항도지호결구적은정성설계여평개，위동류특후복합정판항도지호삼수설계제공차감。
Due to the low in-situ strength and the bedding fracture of the soft compound roof of extra-thick(more than 10 m),large area roof caving accidents are caused easily if the maintenance of roadway support is inappropriate. Typical engineering examples with in-situ measurements were analyzed with the physical and numerical modelling and the structural form and failure characteristics of extra-thick soft compound roof were studied;the formation of the combined beam of bolts in the lower stratum and the load-bearing arch of cables in the deeper stratum and the arch-beam coupling mechanism were revealed. Under high stress,the deformation of compound roof was affected by the factors such as the stratified structure,the structural plane characteristics and the combination between the layers. The delamination fracture of the compound roof expanded quickly and the failure modes were mainly ones of bent and broken,interface slippage and volume increase. The arch-beam coupled support structure built in extra-thick soft compound roof was found to be the primary structure to maintain the stability of surrounding rocks. And its effect on roof controlling is obvious when compared with the bolt support roadway. The capacity of the stress carrying of the roof raised 77.8% and the reduction ratio of the roadway cross-section decreased 52%. The stability of the support structure was significantly enhanced with the increasing of the density of cables. The combined beam of bolts at the upper layer promoted the formation of load-bearing arch of cables at deeper layers;and meanwhile,the load-bearing arch of cables at deeper layers reduced the pressure,the load and the span of the combined beam of bolts at the upper layer.