极地研究
極地研究
겁지연구
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLAR RESEARCH
2014年
3期
362-368
,共7页
姚轶锋%曹叔楠%彭方%李承森
姚軼鋒%曹叔楠%彭方%李承森
요질봉%조숙남%팽방%리승삼
北极%新奥尔松%Austre Lovénbreen冰川%冰川退缩%植被演替
北極%新奧爾鬆%Austre Lovénbreen冰川%冰川退縮%植被縯替
북겁%신오이송%Austre Lovénbreen빙천%빙천퇴축%식피연체
Arctic%Ny-?lesund%Austre Lovénbreen glacier%glacier retreat%vegetation succession
为开展新奥尔松地区苔原植物生长和植被演替对冰川退缩响应的研究，在Austre Lovénbreen冰川（简称A冰川）前沿不同年代冰缘线附近布设了植被样方，调查了样方内植物组成与群落结构。结果表明：（1） A冰川1990年冰缘线代表植被演替的初始阶段，样方内仅出现先锋植物挪威虎耳草（Saxifraga oppositifolia）；（2）1936年冰缘线代表冰川退缩长达75年后植被发育的情况，样方内植物种类和个体数明显增多，植被群落以木本植物极柳（ Salix polaris）和草本植物黄葶苈（Draba bellii）为主，地衣以寒生肉疣衣（Ochrolechia frigida）和鸡皮衣（Pertusaria sp．）等壳状地衣为主；（3）随着冰川迹地形成时间更长，植被趋向成熟阶段发展，样方内极柳占绝对优势，地衣的物种多样性和盖度显著增加，出现雪黄岛衣（ Flavocetraria nivalis）和刺岛衣（ Cetraria aculeata）等叶状地衣。初步结果表明冰川退缩迹地上的物种更替明显，群落结构发生着显著变化。
為開展新奧爾鬆地區苔原植物生長和植被縯替對冰川退縮響應的研究，在Austre Lovénbreen冰川（簡稱A冰川）前沿不同年代冰緣線附近佈設瞭植被樣方，調查瞭樣方內植物組成與群落結構。結果錶明：（1） A冰川1990年冰緣線代錶植被縯替的初始階段，樣方內僅齣現先鋒植物挪威虎耳草（Saxifraga oppositifolia）；（2）1936年冰緣線代錶冰川退縮長達75年後植被髮育的情況，樣方內植物種類和箇體數明顯增多，植被群落以木本植物極柳（ Salix polaris）和草本植物黃葶藶（Draba bellii）為主，地衣以寒生肉疣衣（Ochrolechia frigida）和鷄皮衣（Pertusaria sp．）等殼狀地衣為主；（3）隨著冰川跡地形成時間更長，植被趨嚮成熟階段髮展，樣方內極柳佔絕對優勢，地衣的物種多樣性和蓋度顯著增加，齣現雪黃島衣（ Flavocetraria nivalis）和刺島衣（ Cetraria aculeata）等葉狀地衣。初步結果錶明冰川退縮跡地上的物種更替明顯，群落結構髮生著顯著變化。
위개전신오이송지구태원식물생장화식피연체대빙천퇴축향응적연구，재Austre Lovénbreen빙천（간칭A빙천）전연불동년대빙연선부근포설료식피양방，조사료양방내식물조성여군락결구。결과표명：（1） A빙천1990년빙연선대표식피연체적초시계단，양방내부출현선봉식물나위호이초（Saxifraga oppositifolia）；（2）1936년빙연선대표빙천퇴축장체75년후식피발육적정황，양방내식물충류화개체수명현증다，식피군락이목본식물겁류（ Salix polaris）화초본식물황정력（Draba bellii）위주，지의이한생육우의（Ochrolechia frigida）화계피의（Pertusaria sp．）등각상지의위주；（3）수착빙천적지형성시간경장，식피추향성숙계단발전，양방내겁류점절대우세，지의적물충다양성화개도현저증가，출현설황도의（ Flavocetraria nivalis）화자도의（ Cetraria aculeata）등협상지의。초보결과표명빙천퇴축적지상적물충경체명현，군락결구발생착현저변화。
To enable ongoing research on the growth of tundra plants , vegetation succession , and response to glacier re-treat, vegetation quadrats were established on the Austre Lov énbreen glacier foreland , in Ny-?lesund, Svalbard. Species composition and community structure were investigated during the scientific expedition to the Chinese Arctic Yellow River Station in 2012.Only the pioneer plant , Saxifraga oppositifolia, was found in quadrat No .6 at the lo-cation of the A glacier terminus in 1990, representing the early stage of vegetation succession .Overall, the vegeta-tion was dominated by Salix polaris, Draba bellii, and crustose lichens such as Ochrolechia frigida and Pertusaria sp., and there were increasing numbers of individual plants in quadrat No .7, reflecting the vegetation composition after 75 years of glacier retreat .Over time following glacier retreat , the composition of the vegetation changes and develops to a mature type .Salix polaris predominated in the mature quadrats , coupled with the occurrence of foliose lichens like Flavocetraria nivalis and Cetraria aculeata.In addition, lichen diversity and coverage increased .The present study indicates that species composition and community structure on the Austre Lov énbreen glacier foreland have changed over time following glacier retreat .
