CAJ | 학술논문

变转速工作模式和齿轮噪源干扰是阻碍滚动轴承故障诊断的两个难题。虽然基于转速信号的角域重采样技术和基于参考信号的自适应噪声消除算法为这两个问题提供了可靠的解决路线，但是由于安装空间和成本的限制，转速信息和参考信号在实际工程中往往难以获取。为解决这一难题，提出了一种不依靠上述辅助设备的滚动轴承故障诊断新算法。整个算法由五部分组成：（1）利用峰值啮合倍频趋势线构造参考信号对混合信号进行自适应滤波以削弱齿轮噪源对轴承故障共振频带获取的干扰；（2）利用谱峭度快速算法确定由轴承故障引起的高频共振所对应的中心频率，滤波带宽和对应的尺度并直接得到最能反映轴承故障的滤波包络；（3）利用短时傅里叶变换求得两次滤波后包络信号的包络时频谱并利用峰值搜索算法对瞬时故障特征频率趋势线进行提取；（4）提出基于采样频率重调的重采样算法，对谱峭度滤波结果进行故障阶比域重采样；（5）利用傅里叶变换求取重采样信号的故障特征阶比谱，并提出新的故障诊断策略对滚动轴承的运行状态进行判断。仿真算例和应用实例证明了该算法的有效性。
변전속공작모식화치륜조원간우시조애곤동축승고장진단적량개난제。수연기우전속신호적각역중채양기술화기우삼고신호적자괄응조성소제산법위저량개문제제공료가고적해결로선，단시유우안장공간화성본적한제，전속신식화삼고신호재실제공정중왕왕난이획취。위해결저일난제，제출료일충불의고상술보조설비적곤동축승고장진단신산법。정개산법유오부분조성：（1）이용봉치교합배빈추세선구조삼고신호대혼합신호진행자괄응려파이삭약치륜조원대축승고장공진빈대획취적간우；（2）이용보초도쾌속산법학정유축승고장인기적고빈공진소대응적중심빈솔，려파대관화대응적척도병직접득도최능반영축승고장적려파포락；（3）이용단시부리협변환구득량차려파후포락신호적포락시빈보병이용봉치수색산법대순시고장특정빈솔추세선진행제취；（4）제출기우채양빈솔중조적중채양산법，대보초도려파결과진행고장계비역중채양；（5）이용부리협변환구취중채양신호적고장특정계비보，병제출신적고장진단책략대곤동축승적운행상태진행판단。방진산례화응용실예증명료해산법적유효성。
There are two main obstacles of rolling bearing diagnosis,they are variable rotational speed and gear vibration noise.Although they can be partly overcome with order tracking based on rotational speed information from a tachometer and ANC algorithm using a reference sensor,the rotational speed information and the reference signal are not easy to get in real engineering due to design or cost reasons.To solve this problem,a new algorithm with five main steps was proposed here.These steps were that (a)a revised ANC algorithm using a newly constructed reference signal based on instantaneous dominant meshing harmonics (IDMH)trend is used to weaken the interferences from gear vibration noise;(b )a fast algorithm of spectral kurtosis (SK)method is used to determine the central frequency,the filtering frequency band and the corresponding scale of the high-frequency resonances induced by bearing faults to get a filtering envelope reflecting bearing faults clearly;(c )the envelop time-frequency speetrum after two-filtering is gained and the instantaneous fault characteristic frequency (IFCF)is extracted using the peak-searching algorithm;(d)a new resampling algorithm based on sampling rate resetting is proposed and the filtered results of SK are resampled in fault order field;(e) the fault characteristic order (FCO)spectrum of the resampled signal is obtained using FFT,a new fault diagnosis strategy is proposed to judge the operating states of a rolling bearing.The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated with both simulated and experimental faulty bearing vibration signals.