CAJ | 학술논문

为明确在苏打盐渍土水稻灌浆乳熟期不同土壤水势对其产量构成因素和生理性状的影响,设置4个土壤水势,即WP0(土壤水势0 kPa)、WP-15(土壤水势-15 kPa)、WP-30(土壤水势-30 kPa)以及 CK(淹水并保持水层),研究了苏打盐渍土水稻灌浆乳熟期不同土壤水势对产量构成、干物质积累、叶片生理特性以及叶面积的影响.结果表明,水稻灌浆乳熟期进行土壤水势调控,WP0产量最高,比 CK、WP-15、WP-30分别增产4．03％、19．90％和26．05％,千粒重和结实率的提高是实现高产的主要原因；根部干物质积累量 WP0显著高于对照；复水后15 d,WP0处理地上部分干物质量和根干物质量显著高于CK 和其他两个处理；随土壤水势降低叶片相对含水量和叶面积指数下降,但 CK 与 WP0差异不显著；各处理电导率和游离脯氨酸含量均高于 CK,含量随土壤水势的降低而增加；而叶绿素含量 WP0高于 CK,WP-15和 WP-30均低于 CK,CK 与 WP0之间差异不显著.苏打盐碱地水稻在灌浆乳熟期不必持续淹水灌溉,湿润灌溉可增加水稻结实率、千粒重、根系活力、地上部分干物质积累量以及叶片叶绿素含量,从而提高水稻产量并节约了水资源.
위명학재소타염지토수도관장유숙기불동토양수세대기산량구성인소화생이성상적영향,설치4개토양수세,즉WP0(토양수세0 kPa)、WP-15(토양수세-15 kPa)、WP-30(토양수세-30 kPa)이급 CK(엄수병보지수층),연구료소타염지토수도관장유숙기불동토양수세대산량구성、간물질적루、협편생리특성이급협면적적영향.결과표명,수도관장유숙기진행토양수세조공,WP0산량최고,비 CK、WP-15、WP-30분별증산4．03％、19．90％화26．05％,천립중화결실솔적제고시실현고산적주요원인；근부간물질적루량 WP0현저고우대조；복수후15 d,WP0처리지상부분간물질량화근간물질량현저고우CK 화기타량개처리；수토양수세강저협편상대함수량화협면적지수하강,단 CK 여 WP0차이불현저；각처리전도솔화유리포안산함량균고우 CK,함량수토양수세적강저이증가；이협록소함량 WP0고우 CK,WP-15화 WP-30균저우 CK,CK 여 WP0지간차이불현저.소타염감지수도재관장유숙기불필지속엄수관개,습윤관개가증가수도결실솔、천립중、근계활력、지상부분간물질적루량이급협편협록소함량,종이제고수도산량병절약료수자원.
To explore the effects of soil water potential at grain filling-milky stage on rice yield and physiological traits in saline-alkali soil,we measured grain yield,dry matter production,leaf physiological traits and leaf area under soil water potentials of 0kPa(WP0 ),- 1 5 kPa(WP-1 5 ),- 30 kPa(WP-30 )and CK (continuously flooded).The results showed that yield of rice differed significantly under different soil water potentials,being the highest under WP0 ,while being the lowest under WP-30 .Compared with the CK,WP-1 5 and WP-30 ,rice grain yield under WP0 increased by 4.03%,1 9.90 % and 26.05 %,respectively and the increased 1000-grain weight and seed setting percentage may contribute to its higher grain yield.The root dry matter production under WP0 was significantly higher than that under CK at grain filling-milky stage.The dry matter accumulation of root and abroveground part under WP0 were significantly higher than those under CK ,WP-1 5 and WP-30 after 1 5 days of rewatering.With the decreasing soil water potential,the leaf relative water content and leaf area index decreased with insignificant difference.The content of proline and electrical conductivity under CK were significantly lower than those under WP0 ,WP-1 5 and ,WP-30 .The chlorophyll contents showed a trend of WP0 >CK> WP-1 5 > WP-30 .The 1000-grain weight,seed setting percentage, root activity,dry matter production and chlorophyll contents of rice in soda alkali-saline soil increased under moist irrigation at the grain filling-milky stage,so in soda alkali-saline soil continuously flooded irrigation is not necessary. Moist irrigation method could improve not only rice yield ,but also water resource-use efficiency.