CAJ | 학술논문

矿山废弃地是受采矿影响极度退化的生态系统，生态退化程度评价是对矿山废弃地生态质量现状、环境影响和治理难度的评估过程，可用于指导矿山废弃地生态环境影响评价和生态恢复规划编制等。本文分别尾矿库、露采迹地、排岩场和压占区4种矿山废弃地类型，采用兼顾自然因子和人为干扰强度因子的评价方法，通过对主要生态、环境问题的分析，选择导致生态系统退化的主要因子或易于反映生态系统质量的自然因子和人为干扰强度因子作为生态退化评价指标，评价指标来自于工程设计条件、土壤、植被和地质安全性4个方面；首先采用层次分析法确定各评价指标权重，其中占用面积和地表破坏程度是最最要的指标；在生态退化等级划分基础上确定了各评价指标的域值，并将各指标量化和标准化，计算各生态退化等级的综合得分值变化范围，建立了矿山废弃地生态退化程度综合评价方法体系，将生态退化程度划分为可自然恢复、可治理、难于治理和不能治理4个等级。最后，针对遵化市典型民营铁矿进行了案例适用性分析，并对不同退化等级的废弃地进行了生态防护措施分析。
광산폐기지시수채광영향겁도퇴화적생태계통，생태퇴화정도평개시대광산폐기지생태질량현상、배경영향화치리난도적평고과정，가용우지도광산폐기지생태배경영향평개화생태회복규화편제등。본문분별미광고、로채적지、배암장화압점구4충광산폐기지류형，채용겸고자연인자화인위간우강도인자적평개방법，통과대주요생태、배경문제적분석，선택도치생태계통퇴화적주요인자혹역우반영생태계통질량적자연인자화인위간우강도인자작위생태퇴화평개지표，평개지표래자우공정설계조건、토양、식피화지질안전성4개방면；수선채용층차분석법학정각평개지표권중，기중점용면적화지표파배정도시최최요적지표；재생태퇴화등급화분기출상학정료각평개지표적역치，병장각지표양화화표준화，계산각생태퇴화등급적종합득분치변화범위，건립료광산폐기지생태퇴화정도종합평개방법체계，장생태퇴화정도화분위가자연회복、가치리、난우치리화불능치리4개등급。최후，침대준화시전형민영철광진행료안례괄용성분석，병대불동퇴화등급적폐기지진행료생태방호조시분석。
Mine wasteland is the extreme degenerate ecosystem. The evaluation of ecological degradation is comprehensive assessment which including current ecological quality, environmental implication difficulty of ecological governance. It can guide environmental impact assessment and ecological planning. On the basis of Analytic Hierarchy process, the weightiness and threshold of some natural and artificial disturbance factors which selected for ecological degradation indexes for four types of mine wasteland, i.e. tailings reservoir, waste dump, mined land and occupied land were calculated. The comprehensive assessment system for ecological degradation(CASED) of metal mine wasteland was established. The degree of ecological degradation is divided into 4 classes which is natural restorable, manual restorable, difficult manual restorable and unale restoring. A case was discussed on CASED’s applicability in this paper.