CAJ | 학술논문

矿山的生产活动往往会造成周边农田的污染，而利用生物炭技术治理矿区周边污染农田土壤具有重要的现实意义。生物炭是指生物质在无氧或限氧条件下热裂解制备而成的一种细粒度、多孔性的环境友好型材料，其在调控温室气体排放，改良土壤性状，促进植物生长和控制环境污染物迁移转化方面应用潜力巨大。采用室内盆栽模拟实验，研究了不同水稻秸秆生物炭施用量（0、1%、5%）对郴州和龙岩地区矿山周边重金属污染的农田土壤的生化性状、油菜（Brassia campestris L.）产量、重金属累积和富集系数等的影响，为生物炭作为环境功能材料应用于矿山污染农田治理提供科学依据。结果表明：与对照相比，施加1%和5%生物炭均能提高土壤pH值和有机质质量分数，提升幅度随施用量的增加而升高，其中偏酸性的龙岩土壤的变化幅度更大；生物炭施用会影响土壤酶活性，5%生物炭处理下两种受试土壤中脲酶和过氧化物酶活性均显著提高，但酸性磷酸酶活性降低；龙岩土壤上的油菜产量在1%和5%生物炭施用处理下均显著提高，而郴州土壤上的油菜产量在1%生物炭处理下无显著变化，而在5%生物炭处理下降低了42.9%；生物炭施用影响了两种土壤上油菜可食部分重金属 Cd、As和Pb的质量分数，但没有一致的规律；与对照相比，生物炭施用后郴州和龙岩土壤上油菜可食部分中Cd质量分数均出现下降趋势，但是仅5%生物炭处理的龙岩土壤具显著性差异；1%和5%生物炭施用处理使两种受试土壤上油菜可食部分Pb质量分数较对照处理显著降低（P<0.05），但降幅不同，郴州土壤降低了23.6%和22.0%，而偏酸性的龙岩土壤降低了82.1%和94.5%；生物炭施用后两种受试土壤上油菜可食部分As质量分数的变化不同，郴州土壤添加生物炭后油菜As 质量分数呈上升趋势，且增量随生物炭施用量增加而升高，龙岩土壤则相反，1%和5%生物炭施用后油菜中As质量分数分别比对照降低了50.0%和68.9%，有关的生物和化学机理还需进一步研究；相比对照，油菜对Pb、Cd的富集系数在生物炭施用后减小，而As富集系数在郴州土壤上增大，龙岩土壤上降低。综上所述，生物炭可以作为矿山周边污染土壤治理的备选改良剂，但是在具体应用时应先考察优化其施用条件。礦山的生產活動往往會造成週邊農田的汙染，而利用生物炭技術治理礦區週邊汙染農田土壤具有重要的現實意義。生物炭是指生物質在無氧或限氧條件下熱裂解製備而成的一種細粒度、多孔性的環境友好型材料，其在調控溫室氣體排放，改良土壤性狀，促進植物生長和控製環境汙染物遷移轉化方麵應用潛力巨大。採用室內盆栽模擬實驗，研究瞭不同水稻秸稈生物炭施用量（0、1%、5%）對郴州和龍巖地區礦山週邊重金屬汙染的農田土壤的生化性狀、油菜（Brassia campestris L.）產量、重金屬纍積和富集繫數等的影響，為生物炭作為環境功能材料應用于礦山汙染農田治理提供科學依據。結果錶明：與對照相比，施加1%和5%生物炭均能提高土壤pH值和有機質質量分數，提升幅度隨施用量的增加而升高，其中偏痠性的龍巖土壤的變化幅度更大；生物炭施用會影響土壤酶活性，5%生物炭處理下兩種受試土壤中脲酶和過氧化物酶活性均顯著提高，但痠性燐痠酶活性降低；龍巖土壤上的油菜產量在1%和5%生物炭施用處理下均顯著提高，而郴州土壤上的油菜產量在1%生物炭處理下無顯著變化，而在5%生物炭處理下降低瞭42.9%；生物炭施用影響瞭兩種土壤上油菜可食部分重金屬 Cd、As和Pb的質量分數，但沒有一緻的規律；與對照相比，生物炭施用後郴州和龍巖土壤上油菜可食部分中Cd質量分數均齣現下降趨勢，但是僅5%生物炭處理的龍巖土壤具顯著性差異；1%和5%生物炭施用處理使兩種受試土壤上油菜可食部分Pb質量分數較對照處理顯著降低（P<0.05），但降幅不同，郴州土壤降低瞭23.6%和22.0%，而偏痠性的龍巖土壤降低瞭82.1%和94.5%；生物炭施用後兩種受試土壤上油菜可食部分As質量分數的變化不同，郴州土壤添加生物炭後油菜As 質量分數呈上升趨勢，且增量隨生物炭施用量增加而升高，龍巖土壤則相反，1%和5%生物炭施用後油菜中As質量分數分彆比對照降低瞭50.0%和68.9%，有關的生物和化學機理還需進一步研究；相比對照，油菜對Pb、Cd的富集繫數在生物炭施用後減小，而As富集繫數在郴州土壤上增大，龍巖土壤上降低。綜上所述，生物炭可以作為礦山週邊汙染土壤治理的備選改良劑，但是在具體應用時應先攷察優化其施用條件。
광산적생산활동왕왕회조성주변농전적오염，이이용생물탄기술치리광구주변오염농전토양구유중요적현실의의。생물탄시지생물질재무양혹한양조건하열렬해제비이성적일충세립도、다공성적배경우호형재료，기재조공온실기체배방，개량토양성상，촉진식물생장화공제배경오염물천이전화방면응용잠력거대。채용실내분재모의실험，연구료불동수도갈간생물탄시용량（0、1%、5%）대침주화룡암지구광산주변중금속오염적농전토양적생화성상、유채（Brassia campestris L.）산량、중금속루적화부집계수등적영향，위생물탄작위배경공능재료응용우광산오염농전치리제공과학의거。결과표명：여대조상비，시가1%화5%생물탄균능제고토양pH치화유궤질질량분수，제승폭도수시용량적증가이승고，기중편산성적룡암토양적변화폭도경대；생물탄시용회영향토양매활성，5%생물탄처리하량충수시토양중뇨매화과양화물매활성균현저제고，단산성린산매활성강저；룡암토양상적유채산량재1%화5%생물탄시용처리하균현저제고，이침주토양상적유채산량재1%생물탄처리하무현저변화，이재5%생물탄처리하강저료42.9%；생물탄시용영향료량충토양상유채가식부분중금속 Cd、As화Pb적질량분수，단몰유일치적규률；여대조상비，생물탄시용후침주화룡암토양상유채가식부분중Cd질량분수균출현하강추세，단시부5%생물탄처리적룡암토양구현저성차이；1%화5%생물탄시용처리사량충수시토양상유채가식부분Pb질량분수교대조처리현저강저（P<0.05），단강폭불동，침주토양강저료23.6%화22.0%，이편산성적룡암토양강저료82.1%화94.5%；생물탄시용후량충수시토양상유채가식부분As질량분수적변화불동，침주토양첨가생물탄후유채As 질량분수정상승추세，차증량수생물탄시용량증가이승고，룡암토양칙상반，1%화5%생물탄시용후유채중As질량분수분별비대조강저료50.0%화68.9%，유관적생물화화학궤리환수진일보연구；상비대조，유채대Pb、Cd적부집계수재생물탄시용후감소，이As부집계수재침주토양상증대，룡암토양상강저。종상소술，생물탄가이작위광산주변오염토양치리적비선개량제，단시재구체응용시응선고찰우화기시용조건。
Minging activity can often cause pollution of farmland, and so it has important practical implications to use biochar technology to manage the contaminated soil in the surrounding farmland of mine. Biochar is a fine-grained, porous and environment-friendly material obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass under anaerobic or oxygen-limited conditions, and showing potential applications in improving soil quality, promoting plant growth, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and regulating pollutant behaviors. A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of rice straw biochar with different application rate (0, 1%and 5%) on the soil biochemical traits, growth, typical heavy metals uptake and accumulation coefficients of rape (Brassia campestris L.) in two heavy metals contaminated soils which were from the farmland near mining area in Chenzhou and Longyan city. The results of this study will provide scientific basis for the management of contaminated soil in the surrounding farmland of mine. The results showed that biochar addition increased soil pH and organic matter, especially in acidic Longyan soil. The soil enzyme changed after biochar addition, the activity of urease and catalase significantly increased after 5% biochar addition, but the alkali phosphatase activities decreased. In Chenzhou soil, compared to the control treatment, the biomass of rape significantly decreased only under the treatment of 5%biochar addition. In Longyan soil, the biomass significantly increased after both 1%and 5%biochar addition. The concentrations of Cd, As and Pb in edible rape changed after biochar addition in two tested soils, but there was no consistent patterns. Compared to the control treatment, Cd concentration in edible rape decreased, but there was a significant difference only under the treatment of 5%biochar-amended Longyan soil. As for Pb concentrations, 1%and 5%biochar addition could significantly decreased its concentrations in edible rape , with different decreasing ranges of 23.6%and 22.0%in Chenzhou soil and 82.1%and 94.5%in acidic Longyan soil. As concentrations in edible rape differed in two tested soils amended with biochar. As concentrations in edible rape grown in biochar-amended Chenzhou soil increased with the increasing application rate of biochar, while it was contrary to Longyan soil, with As concentrations in edible rape decreasing by 50%and 68.9%after biochar additon, respectively. The related biological and chemical mechanisms remains further to be investigated. Compared with the control, the accumulation coefficients of Pb and Cd in edible rape part was decreased in both tested soils, however, the accumulation coefficient of As was increased in Chenzhou soil, but decreased in Longyan soil. In practice, biochar can be an alternative improver for mining contaminated soil remediation, but the investigation should be done in optimizing application condition.