CAJ | 학술논문

三七（Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen）是云南文山州的道地中药材，文山州由于地壳原始分化成分的作用和含砷矿的开采等原因，使三七种植区存在普遍的土壤砷污染现象。通过野外大田调查和室内分析相结合的方法，研究了云南文山三七主要种植区（文山县、丘北县、砚山县、广南县）土壤总砷和有效砷的空间分布特征和土壤物理化学特征（pH值、有机质含量、阳离子交换量CEC、总P、速效P、土壤质地），探讨了三七不同部位（茎叶、花果、主根、须根、剪口）As含量的影响因素。将有助于了解文山三七种植区砷污染空间分布特点，寻求三七砷含量的调控途径，对降低三七砷含量和提高三七品质具有一定的实践和理论意义。研究结果表明，(1)土壤有效As和总As平均质量分数分别为0.29 mg·kg-1和28.51 mg·kg-1，土壤有效As占总As质量分数的0.06%~2.08%。76.67%的土壤样品总As含量达到国家土壤环境质量的二级标准。土壤有效As和总As含量空间分布表现出西北高，东南低的趋势。(2)三七各部位中As质量分数为0.14~0.32 mg·kg-1，砷含量符合优质三七砷的限量标准（≤1.0 mg·kg-1），三七各部位对As的富集系数为0.004~0.011，均较低。(3)90%的土壤为酸性土壤, pH值≤6.5；土壤全P质量分数为1.27 g·kg-1,土壤速效P质量分数为66.87 mg·kg-1,均属于丰富水平；土壤有机质质量分数为15.77 g·kg-1, CEC为26.74 cmol·kg-1,属于较高水平；40%的土壤为黏土,43.4%为壤质黏土。(4)土壤总As和土壤有效As含量主要受到随机人为因素的影响，表现出与土壤CEC、pH值和有机质含量之间显著的正相关关系。三七须根中As含量与土壤总As、有效As、土壤黏粒含量、CEC、pH值和总P含量之间具有显著的正相关性。总之，壤质黏土、低pH值和CEC有利于降低三七As含量，三七种植过程中应避免施用含As有机肥和磷肥。研究结果在系统了解文山三七种植区的土壤As空间分布和调控途径方面具有一定的创新价值和意义，特别需要关注是三七产业的发展布局中，应该进行适当的引导和科学的安排三七种植区。三七（Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen）是雲南文山州的道地中藥材，文山州由于地殼原始分化成分的作用和含砷礦的開採等原因，使三七種植區存在普遍的土壤砷汙染現象。通過野外大田調查和室內分析相結閤的方法，研究瞭雲南文山三七主要種植區（文山縣、丘北縣、硯山縣、廣南縣）土壤總砷和有效砷的空間分佈特徵和土壤物理化學特徵（pH值、有機質含量、暘離子交換量CEC、總P、速效P、土壤質地），探討瞭三七不同部位（莖葉、花果、主根、鬚根、剪口）As含量的影響因素。將有助于瞭解文山三七種植區砷汙染空間分佈特點，尋求三七砷含量的調控途徑，對降低三七砷含量和提高三七品質具有一定的實踐和理論意義。研究結果錶明，(1)土壤有效As和總As平均質量分數分彆為0.29 mg·kg-1和28.51 mg·kg-1，土壤有效As佔總As質量分數的0.06%~2.08%。76.67%的土壤樣品總As含量達到國傢土壤環境質量的二級標準。土壤有效As和總As含量空間分佈錶現齣西北高，東南低的趨勢。(2)三七各部位中As質量分數為0.14~0.32 mg·kg-1，砷含量符閤優質三七砷的限量標準（≤1.0 mg·kg-1），三七各部位對As的富集繫數為0.004~0.011，均較低。(3)90%的土壤為痠性土壤, pH值≤6.5；土壤全P質量分數為1.27 g·kg-1,土壤速效P質量分數為66.87 mg·kg-1,均屬于豐富水平；土壤有機質質量分數為15.77 g·kg-1, CEC為26.74 cmol·kg-1,屬于較高水平；40%的土壤為黏土,43.4%為壤質黏土。(4)土壤總As和土壤有效As含量主要受到隨機人為因素的影響，錶現齣與土壤CEC、pH值和有機質含量之間顯著的正相關關繫。三七鬚根中As含量與土壤總As、有效As、土壤黏粒含量、CEC、pH值和總P含量之間具有顯著的正相關性。總之，壤質黏土、低pH值和CEC有利于降低三七As含量，三七種植過程中應避免施用含As有機肥和燐肥。研究結果在繫統瞭解文山三七種植區的土壤As空間分佈和調控途徑方麵具有一定的創新價值和意義，特彆需要關註是三七產業的髮展佈跼中，應該進行適噹的引導和科學的安排三七種植區。
삼칠（Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen）시운남문산주적도지중약재，문산주유우지각원시분화성분적작용화함신광적개채등원인，사삼칠충식구존재보편적토양신오염현상。통과야외대전조사화실내분석상결합적방법，연구료운남문산삼칠주요충식구（문산현、구북현、연산현、엄남현）토양총신화유효신적공간분포특정화토양물이화학특정（pH치、유궤질함량、양리자교환량CEC、총P、속효P、토양질지），탐토료삼칠불동부위（경협、화과、주근、수근、전구）As함량적영향인소。장유조우료해문산삼칠충식구신오염공간분포특점，심구삼칠신함량적조공도경，대강저삼칠신함량화제고삼칠품질구유일정적실천화이론의의。연구결과표명，(1)토양유효As화총As평균질량분수분별위0.29 mg·kg-1화28.51 mg·kg-1，토양유효As점총As질량분수적0.06%~2.08%。76.67%적토양양품총As함량체도국가토양배경질량적이급표준。토양유효As화총As함량공간분포표현출서북고，동남저적추세。(2)삼칠각부위중As질량분수위0.14~0.32 mg·kg-1，신함량부합우질삼칠신적한량표준（≤1.0 mg·kg-1），삼칠각부위대As적부집계수위0.004~0.011，균교저。(3)90%적토양위산성토양, pH치≤6.5；토양전P질량분수위1.27 g·kg-1,토양속효P질량분수위66.87 mg·kg-1,균속우봉부수평；토양유궤질질량분수위15.77 g·kg-1, CEC위26.74 cmol·kg-1,속우교고수평；40%적토양위점토,43.4%위양질점토。(4)토양총As화토양유효As함량주요수도수궤인위인소적영향，표현출여토양CEC、pH치화유궤질함량지간현저적정상관관계。삼칠수근중As함량여토양총As、유효As、토양점립함량、CEC、pH치화총P함량지간구유현저적정상관성。총지，양질점토、저pH치화CEC유리우강저삼칠As함량，삼칠충식과정중응피면시용함As유궤비화린비。연구결과재계통료해문산삼칠충식구적토양As공간분포화조공도경방면구유일정적창신개치화의의，특별수요관주시삼칠산업적발전포국중，응해진행괄당적인도화과학적안배삼칠충식구。
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is one of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Soil As contamination exists in P. notoginseng plantation area due to parent rocks weathering and As mining. Field investigation and lab analysis were conducted in order to understand As spatial distribution and physical and chemical characteristics (pH value, organic matter content, CEC, total P content, available P content and soil texture) of soil and its effects on As contents in different parts (stem/leaves, flower/fruits, main root, fibrous root and rhizome) of Panax notoginseng in P. notoginseng plantation area in Wenshan Prefecture (Wenshan county, Qiubei county, Yanshan county and Guangnan county), Yunnan Province, China. This research would contribute to understand the spatial distribution of soil As contents in P. notoginseng plantation area and seek the control methods to reduce As contents in P. notoginseng, which are of important practice and theoretical roles on reducing As contents in P. notoginseng and improving quality of P. notoginseng. The results showed that: (1) The contents of total As and available As were 0.29 mg·kg-1 and 28.51 mg·kg-1, respectively. The available As content occupied 0.06%-2.08%of total As. Some 76.67%of soil samplings were met with the secondary standard value of national soil environmental quality. The spatial distribution of total As and available As contents showed the tendency of high in north-western and low in south-eastern of P. notoginseng plantation area in Wenshan Prefecture. (2) The As contents in different parts of P. notoginseng were 0.14-0.32 mg·kg-1, which was according with the limitation standard of As for high quality of P. notoginseng. The accumulation coefficient of As in different parts of P. notoginseng was 0.004-0.011. (3) Some 90% of samples were acid soil with pH ≤6.5. Soil total P and available P contents were 1.27 g·kg-1 and 66.87 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were belong to abundant level. Soil organic matter content was 15.77 g·kg-1. CEC was 26.74 cmol·kg-1, belonging to high level. Some 40% of samples were clay soil and 43.4% loam clay. (4) Total As and available As contents were mainly affected by anthropogenic factors. Significant positive relationships between total As, available As contents and CEC, pH value, organic matter were observed. Significant positive relationships between As content in fibrous root and total As, available As contents, clay content, CEC, pH value, total P content were observed. In general, As contents in P. notoginseng could be decreased with loam-clay texture soil with low pH value and CEC. It is important to avoid As-rich manure and P fertilizers application during P. notoginseng planting periods. The innovation values of this result lie in realizing the spatial distribution of soil As and control approaches to As contamination, especially industrial development layout of P. notoginseng. It is necessary to suitable guide and scientific arrange P. notoginseng plantation areas.