生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
6期
1000-1006
,共7页
原位孔隙水%根际%金属离子%释放速率%挺水植物
原位孔隙水%根際%金屬離子%釋放速率%挺水植物
원위공극수%근제%금속리자%석방속솔%정수식물
in-situ porewater%rhizosphere%metal ions%release rate%emergent macrophytes
挺水植物作为湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,其根系的生长发育过程影响其环境功能的发挥及其根土和水土界面环境生物地球化学过程。界面的氧化还原异质环境是金属离子发生扩散、沉淀和溶解以及吸附和解析等许多瞬时过程的重要场所,这些过程对金属离子在固相和水相的分配起着重要的作用。获取金属离子赋存特征和定量评估大型挺水植物生长对其界面行为的影响,是了解金属离子在界面环境生物地球化学过程的关键环节。利用高分辨率沉积物原位间隙水采样技术(Pore Water Equilibrators, Peeper)获得芦苇、香蒲和茭草3种挺水植物根际与非根际溶液中Al3+、Fe3+、Mn2+和Ca2+的剖面分布特征,并利用Fick第一定律定量估算它们在沉积物-水界面的扩散通量。结果表明:湿地沉积物孔隙水中Al3+、Fe3+、Mn2+和Ca2+的含量较上覆水存在着明显的富集现象。其中 Fe3+、Mn2+分布受大型挺水植物影响最为显著,且随沉积物深度增加,富集效应有进一步加剧趋势。从剖面垂向分布来看,Al3+含量的峰值靠近沉积物的表层,而Fe3+、Ca2+和Mn2+含量峰值出现位置相对较深存在于沉积物中下层。与无植被的对照区域相比,4种金属离子含量在植物根区附近显著升高(P<0.05),其中 Al3+、Fe3+和Ca2+受芦苇生长过程影响最为明显,其在根际孔隙水中峰值含量达18.3、513和5408μmol·L-1,较对照分别增加了6.0、2.5及25.8倍,芦苇根际效应显著高于香蒲和茭草。多重比较分析结果显示,Mn2+在根区的分布受茭草影响最大,在根区孔隙水中浓度为21~97μmol·L-1较对照区的1.1~52.5μmol·L-1,平均浓度增加65%。受植物根区环境的影响,Fe3+和Ca2+在植物根区释放速率明显加快,其中茭草根区释放速率分别为(35.38±3.05)和(240.18±20.71)μmol·m-2·d-1较对照区增加10倍;另外湿地植物存在直接导致Mn2+在界面的交换速率显著下降,在芦苇区仅为(2.06±0.44)μmol·m-2·d-1,削减的幅度超过99%。整体来看,挺水植物生长可能加剧金属离子在根际沉积物中富集,进而加快了 Al3+、Fe3+和 Ca2+的溶出而降低了和 Mn2+的释放风险,但随植物种群类型变化差异显著。
挺水植物作為濕地生態繫統的重要組成部分,其根繫的生長髮育過程影響其環境功能的髮揮及其根土和水土界麵環境生物地毬化學過程。界麵的氧化還原異質環境是金屬離子髮生擴散、沉澱和溶解以及吸附和解析等許多瞬時過程的重要場所,這些過程對金屬離子在固相和水相的分配起著重要的作用。穫取金屬離子賦存特徵和定量評估大型挺水植物生長對其界麵行為的影響,是瞭解金屬離子在界麵環境生物地毬化學過程的關鍵環節。利用高分辨率沉積物原位間隙水採樣技術(Pore Water Equilibrators, Peeper)穫得蘆葦、香蒲和茭草3種挺水植物根際與非根際溶液中Al3+、Fe3+、Mn2+和Ca2+的剖麵分佈特徵,併利用Fick第一定律定量估算它們在沉積物-水界麵的擴散通量。結果錶明:濕地沉積物孔隙水中Al3+、Fe3+、Mn2+和Ca2+的含量較上覆水存在著明顯的富集現象。其中 Fe3+、Mn2+分佈受大型挺水植物影響最為顯著,且隨沉積物深度增加,富集效應有進一步加劇趨勢。從剖麵垂嚮分佈來看,Al3+含量的峰值靠近沉積物的錶層,而Fe3+、Ca2+和Mn2+含量峰值齣現位置相對較深存在于沉積物中下層。與無植被的對照區域相比,4種金屬離子含量在植物根區附近顯著升高(P<0.05),其中 Al3+、Fe3+和Ca2+受蘆葦生長過程影響最為明顯,其在根際孔隙水中峰值含量達18.3、513和5408μmol·L-1,較對照分彆增加瞭6.0、2.5及25.8倍,蘆葦根際效應顯著高于香蒲和茭草。多重比較分析結果顯示,Mn2+在根區的分佈受茭草影響最大,在根區孔隙水中濃度為21~97μmol·L-1較對照區的1.1~52.5μmol·L-1,平均濃度增加65%。受植物根區環境的影響,Fe3+和Ca2+在植物根區釋放速率明顯加快,其中茭草根區釋放速率分彆為(35.38±3.05)和(240.18±20.71)μmol·m-2·d-1較對照區增加10倍;另外濕地植物存在直接導緻Mn2+在界麵的交換速率顯著下降,在蘆葦區僅為(2.06±0.44)μmol·m-2·d-1,削減的幅度超過99%。整體來看,挺水植物生長可能加劇金屬離子在根際沉積物中富集,進而加快瞭 Al3+、Fe3+和 Ca2+的溶齣而降低瞭和 Mn2+的釋放風險,但隨植物種群類型變化差異顯著。
정수식물작위습지생태계통적중요조성부분,기근계적생장발육과정영향기배경공능적발휘급기근토화수토계면배경생물지구화학과정。계면적양화환원이질배경시금속리자발생확산、침정화용해이급흡부화해석등허다순시과정적중요장소,저사과정대금속리자재고상화수상적분배기착중요적작용。획취금속리자부존특정화정량평고대형정수식물생장대기계면행위적영향,시료해금속리자재계면배경생물지구화학과정적관건배절。이용고분변솔침적물원위간극수채양기술(Pore Water Equilibrators, Peeper)획득호위、향포화교초3충정수식물근제여비근제용액중Al3+、Fe3+、Mn2+화Ca2+적부면분포특정,병이용Fick제일정률정량고산타문재침적물-수계면적확산통량。결과표명:습지침적물공극수중Al3+、Fe3+、Mn2+화Ca2+적함량교상복수존재착명현적부집현상。기중 Fe3+、Mn2+분포수대형정수식물영향최위현저,차수침적물심도증가,부집효응유진일보가극추세。종부면수향분포래간,Al3+함량적봉치고근침적물적표층,이Fe3+、Ca2+화Mn2+함량봉치출현위치상대교심존재우침적물중하층。여무식피적대조구역상비,4충금속리자함량재식물근구부근현저승고(P<0.05),기중 Al3+、Fe3+화Ca2+수호위생장과정영향최위명현,기재근제공극수중봉치함량체18.3、513화5408μmol·L-1,교대조분별증가료6.0、2.5급25.8배,호위근제효응현저고우향포화교초。다중비교분석결과현시,Mn2+재근구적분포수교초영향최대,재근구공극수중농도위21~97μmol·L-1교대조구적1.1~52.5μmol·L-1,평균농도증가65%。수식물근구배경적영향,Fe3+화Ca2+재식물근구석방속솔명현가쾌,기중교초근구석방속솔분별위(35.38±3.05)화(240.18±20.71)μmol·m-2·d-1교대조구증가10배;령외습지식물존재직접도치Mn2+재계면적교환속솔현저하강,재호위구부위(2.06±0.44)μmol·m-2·d-1,삭감적폭도초과99%。정체래간,정수식물생장가능가극금속리자재근제침적물중부집,진이가쾌료 Al3+、Fe3+화 Ca2+적용출이강저료화 Mn2+적석방풍험,단수식물충군류형변화차이현저。
Emergent macrophytes are considered as a key component of wetland ecosystem, whose growth strongly influenced neighbouring environmental functions and biogeochemical cycles across the interface of root-sediments. Redox heterogeneous environment at the interface benefits ions diffusion, precipitation-dissolution, adsorption and desorption equilibrium, which determines ions distribution between the solid and the liquid phase. It is crucial for comprehending environmental biogeochemical cycle to acquire ions distribution characteristic and molecule diffusive fluxes calculated from the concentration gradients between overlying water and surface pore water. In the preset study, Multiple porewater profiles were obtained from the rhizosphere of Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis Presl and Zizania caduciflora by a high-resolution in-situ porewater equilibrators (peepers), and quantified Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+and Ca2+diffusion fluxes from sediments into the overlying waters using Fick First Law. The results indicated that there is a trend to enrich apparently the ions in surface sediments and the accumulation intensifies with increasing depth, which Fe3+and Mn2+distribution were markedly influenced by emergent macrophytes. Porewater Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+and Ca2+levels were significantly higher in the emergent macrophytes rhizosphere than those in the control, which had a corresponding 6.0, 2.5 and 25.8 folds difference of Al3+, Fe3+and Ca2+levels between Phragmites communis rhizosphere and the control in little or no vegetation. Multiple comparison analysis of 4 ions characters shows that Mn2+concentrations reached 21~97μmol L-1 with about a 65%increase in Zizania caduciflora rhizosphere, while it is only 1.1-52.5μmol L-1 relative to the control. Higher diffusive fluxes of Fe3+and Ca2+ were found in emergent macrophytes rhizosphere, moreover, reach (35.38±3.05) and (240.18±20.71) μmol·m-2·d-1 in Zizania caduciflora with 10 times of the control. However, the observed Mn2+diffusive fluxes (2.06±0.44) μmol·m-2·d-1) sharply decreased by 99% in Phragmites communis rhizosphere. In conclusion, ions enrichment were observed in emergent macrophytes rhizosphere, moreover, release rates of Al3+, Fe3+and Ca2+across the sediment surface were accelerated in emergent macrophytes rhizosphere while Mn2+fluxes appeared to slow down, which varied with vegetation types.