生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
6期
992-999
,共8页
王健%张靖天%昝逢宇%席北斗%霍守亮
王健%張靖天%昝逢宇%席北鬥%霍守亮
왕건%장정천%잠봉우%석북두%곽수량
沉积物%总氮%总磷%沉积物基准
沉積物%總氮%總燐%沉積物基準
침적물%총담%총린%침적물기준
sediments%total nitrogen%total phosphorus%sediment criteria
受人类活动的影响，东部浅水湖泊沉积物中总氮、总磷负荷很高，当外来污染源得到控制时，底泥中的营养盐会逐渐释放出来，对湖泊水质与生态系统影响很大。为合理削减湖泊内源污染，控制沉积物中营养盐向上覆水体释放，研究制定东部浅水湖泊沉积物总氮、总磷基准阈值，分别测定了100个湖泊的896个表层沉积物样品和8个典型湖泊11个柱芯的沉积物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量，分析了沉积物TN、TP浓度剖面分布特征。通过频度分布法对100个湖泊沉积物总氮总磷的污染状况进行评价，通过背景值比较法确定了8个典型湖泊沉积物的 TN、TP 背景值。结果表明，100个湖泊的表层沉积物TN浓度范围在479.70～5573.65 mg·kg-1，TP浓度范围在248.44～1000.33 mg·kg-1，不同湖泊表层沉积物中TN、TP值差异较大。8个典型湖泊沉积物总氮、总磷含量整体上表现出随着深度增加而下降变化趋势，在深层沉积物中含量保持稳定。所调查8个湖泊TN均值为1443.83 mg·kg-1，变化范围为247.45～3719.46 mg·kg-1，各湖泊中TN均值表现为：沱湖>焦岗湖>花园湖>七里湖>北民湖>大通湖>城东湖>瓦埠湖；TP均值为519.62 mg·kg-1，变化范围为225.41～1944.89 mg·kg-1,各湖泊中TP均值表现为：北民湖>大通湖>七里湖>焦岗湖>沱湖>瓦埠湖>城东湖>花园湖。不同湖泊沉积物总氮、总磷背景值差异很大。通过对100个湖泊表层沉积物TN、TP的频度分析发现，沉积物营养盐含量上25%点位对应的TP质量浓度398.51 mg·kg-1，TN质量浓度为1106.24 mg·kg-1，沉积物营养盐含量下25%点位对应的TP质量浓度664.58 mg·kg-1，TN质量浓度为2916.66 mg·kg-1。通过互相之间的比较分析，推荐采用背景值比较法确定的各湖泊沉积物总氮、总磷背景值均值与频度分步法25%点位对应的总氮值和40%点位对应的总磷值作为东部浅水湖泊沉积物总氮、总磷基准阈值。因此，东部典型湖泊沉积物总氮基准阈值为1106.24~1115.19 mg·kg-1，总磷基准阈值为454.51~459.03 mg·kg-1。
受人類活動的影響，東部淺水湖泊沉積物中總氮、總燐負荷很高，噹外來汙染源得到控製時，底泥中的營養鹽會逐漸釋放齣來，對湖泊水質與生態繫統影響很大。為閤理削減湖泊內源汙染，控製沉積物中營養鹽嚮上覆水體釋放，研究製定東部淺水湖泊沉積物總氮、總燐基準閾值，分彆測定瞭100箇湖泊的896箇錶層沉積物樣品和8箇典型湖泊11箇柱芯的沉積物總氮(TN)、總燐(TP)含量，分析瞭沉積物TN、TP濃度剖麵分佈特徵。通過頻度分佈法對100箇湖泊沉積物總氮總燐的汙染狀況進行評價，通過揹景值比較法確定瞭8箇典型湖泊沉積物的 TN、TP 揹景值。結果錶明，100箇湖泊的錶層沉積物TN濃度範圍在479.70～5573.65 mg·kg-1，TP濃度範圍在248.44～1000.33 mg·kg-1，不同湖泊錶層沉積物中TN、TP值差異較大。8箇典型湖泊沉積物總氮、總燐含量整體上錶現齣隨著深度增加而下降變化趨勢，在深層沉積物中含量保持穩定。所調查8箇湖泊TN均值為1443.83 mg·kg-1，變化範圍為247.45～3719.46 mg·kg-1，各湖泊中TN均值錶現為：沱湖>焦崗湖>花園湖>七裏湖>北民湖>大通湖>城東湖>瓦埠湖；TP均值為519.62 mg·kg-1，變化範圍為225.41～1944.89 mg·kg-1,各湖泊中TP均值錶現為：北民湖>大通湖>七裏湖>焦崗湖>沱湖>瓦埠湖>城東湖>花園湖。不同湖泊沉積物總氮、總燐揹景值差異很大。通過對100箇湖泊錶層沉積物TN、TP的頻度分析髮現，沉積物營養鹽含量上25%點位對應的TP質量濃度398.51 mg·kg-1，TN質量濃度為1106.24 mg·kg-1，沉積物營養鹽含量下25%點位對應的TP質量濃度664.58 mg·kg-1，TN質量濃度為2916.66 mg·kg-1。通過互相之間的比較分析，推薦採用揹景值比較法確定的各湖泊沉積物總氮、總燐揹景值均值與頻度分步法25%點位對應的總氮值和40%點位對應的總燐值作為東部淺水湖泊沉積物總氮、總燐基準閾值。因此，東部典型湖泊沉積物總氮基準閾值為1106.24~1115.19 mg·kg-1，總燐基準閾值為454.51~459.03 mg·kg-1。
수인류활동적영향，동부천수호박침적물중총담、총린부하흔고，당외래오염원득도공제시，저니중적영양염회축점석방출래，대호박수질여생태계통영향흔대。위합리삭감호박내원오염，공제침적물중영양염향상복수체석방，연구제정동부천수호박침적물총담、총린기준역치，분별측정료100개호박적896개표층침적물양품화8개전형호박11개주심적침적물총담(TN)、총린(TP)함량，분석료침적물TN、TP농도부면분포특정。통과빈도분포법대100개호박침적물총담총린적오염상황진행평개，통과배경치비교법학정료8개전형호박침적물적 TN、TP 배경치。결과표명，100개호박적표층침적물TN농도범위재479.70～5573.65 mg·kg-1，TP농도범위재248.44～1000.33 mg·kg-1，불동호박표층침적물중TN、TP치차이교대。8개전형호박침적물총담、총린함량정체상표현출수착심도증가이하강변화추세，재심층침적물중함량보지은정。소조사8개호박TN균치위1443.83 mg·kg-1，변화범위위247.45～3719.46 mg·kg-1，각호박중TN균치표현위：타호>초강호>화완호>칠리호>북민호>대통호>성동호>와부호；TP균치위519.62 mg·kg-1，변화범위위225.41～1944.89 mg·kg-1,각호박중TP균치표현위：북민호>대통호>칠리호>초강호>타호>와부호>성동호>화완호。불동호박침적물총담、총린배경치차이흔대。통과대100개호박표층침적물TN、TP적빈도분석발현，침적물영양염함량상25%점위대응적TP질량농도398.51 mg·kg-1，TN질량농도위1106.24 mg·kg-1，침적물영양염함량하25%점위대응적TP질량농도664.58 mg·kg-1，TN질량농도위2916.66 mg·kg-1。통과호상지간적비교분석，추천채용배경치비교법학정적각호박침적물총담、총린배경치균치여빈도분보법25%점위대응적총담치화40%점위대응적총린치작위동부천수호박침적물총담、총린기준역치。인차，동부전형호박침적물총담기준역치위1106.24~1115.19 mg·kg-1，총린기준역치위454.51~459.03 mg·kg-1。
The total nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the shallow lake sediments of eastern region are high due to anthropogenic activities. Nutrients in sediments may release into water column and affect water quality and ecosystem greatly after exogenous sources were controlled. In order to reduce endogenous source and establish sediment total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) criteria in eastern shallow lakes, China, 896 surface sediment samples in 100 lakes and 11 sediment cores in 8 typical lakes were collected to determine the contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TN and TP concentration profiles in these samples were also analyzed. Background value comparison and frequency distribution methods were applied to evaluate TN and TP pollution status in sediments, respectively. The results indicated that TN and TP in 100 lakes of eastern lake region varied greatly, ranging from 479.70 to 5 573.65 mg·kg-1 and from 248.44 to 1 000.33 mg·kg-1, respectively. TN and TP in 8 lake sediment cores decreased gradually with depth, and maintained stable in deep layers. TN concentrations averaged 1 443.83 mg·kg-1, and ranged from 247.45 to 3 719.46 mg·kg-1, and the rank order of TN concentrations in 8 lake sediments was:Lake Tuo>Lake Jiaogang>Lake Huayuan>Lake Qili>Lake Beimin>Lake Datong>Lake Chengdong>Lake Wabu. TP concentrations averaged 519.62 mg·kg-1, and ranged from 225.41 to 1 944.89 mg·kg-1, and the rank order of TP concentrations in 8 lake sediments was: Lake Beimin>Lake Datong>Lake Qili>Lake Jiaogang>Lake Tuo>Lake Wabu>Lake Chengdong>Lake Huayuan. Calculated TN and TP background values in 8 typical lake sediments varied greatly. The frequency analysis results indicated that TN and TP in upper 25% lakes averaged 1 106.24 mg·kg-1 and 398.51 mg·kg-1, respectively, TN and TP in lower 25% lakes averaged 2 916.66 mg·kg-1 and 664.58 mg·kg-1, respectively. Through comparative analysis, average TN and TP background values using background value comparison method and corresponding 25 th percentile of TN distribution and 40 th percentile of TP distribution respectively were recommended as TN and TP criteria in eastern shallow lake sediments. The results between these two methods determine the typical eastern lake sediments TN criteria was 1 106.24-1 115.19 mg·kg-1 and TP for 454.51-459.03 mg·kg-1.
