CAJ | 학술논문

南美蟛蜞菊（Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.）是华南地区常见的入侵植物之一，其环境适应性强，繁殖速度快，对入侵地生态环境的破坏而导致生物多样性丧失的危害现象已经引起关注。结构与功能的相适应是生物学的基本观点之一，对入侵植物营养器官的内部形态解剖结构的研究，是理解入侵能力与其生物特性之间关系的直接路径，同时也是其他生理机理研究的结构基础。为研究入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊营养器官内部形态结构与其入侵能力的适应性，采用常规徒手切片技术对其根、茎及成熟叶片3大营养器官进行解剖及显微观察。结果表明：南美蟛蜞菊根、茎均具有次生结构。根韧皮部外方薄壁细胞具有分泌道，次生结构横切面中央为发达的次生木质部所填充，周皮代替表皮起保护作用，根的初生生长时期长，具有次生生长可视为其入侵定居时与本地物种形成地下资源和空间竞争的结构基础；茎的初生结构分化不久即产生次生结构，次生结构中央有明显的髓，次生维管束组织产生于初生结构的维管束之间并形成一管状结构明显将皮层和髓分开，茎内部组织高度木质化可视为是其茎直立生长及竞争地上资源和空间的结构基础；叶片为异面叶，上下表皮均具有气孔器和表皮毛，叶片内部具有分泌道，维管束发达且具有束鞘延伸，能与叶片表皮细胞共同构成辅助输导系统，叶片的结构特征是构成其喜阳植物的基础。此外叶片及根分泌道的存在可能与其化感物质的分泌有关。研究结果丰富了南美蟛蜞菊入侵适应性研究的背景基础，同时也弥补其在形态结构研究中的空缺。
남미팽기국（Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.）시화남지구상견적입침식물지일，기배경괄응성강，번식속도쾌，대입침지생태배경적파배이도치생물다양성상실적위해현상이경인기관주。결구여공능적상괄응시생물학적기본관점지일，대입침식물영양기관적내부형태해부결구적연구，시리해입침능력여기생물특성지간관계적직접로경，동시야시기타생리궤리연구적결구기출。위연구입침식물남미팽기국영양기관내부형태결구여기입침능력적괄응성，채용상규도수절편기술대기근、경급성숙협편3대영양기관진행해부급현미관찰。결과표명：남미팽기국근、경균구유차생결구。근인피부외방박벽세포구유분비도，차생결구횡절면중앙위발체적차생목질부소전충，주피대체표피기보호작용，근적초생생장시기장，구유차생생장가시위기입침정거시여본지물충형성지하자원화공간경쟁적결구기출；경적초생결구분화불구즉산생차생결구，차생결구중앙유명현적수，차생유관속조직산생우초생결구적유관속지간병형성일관상결구명현장피층화수분개，경내부조직고도목질화가시위시기경직립생장급경쟁지상자원화공간적결구기출；협편위이면협，상하표피균구유기공기화표피모，협편내부구유분비도，유관속발체차구유속초연신，능여협편표피세포공동구성보조수도계통，협편적결구특정시구성기희양식물적기출。차외협편급근분비도적존재가능여기화감물질적분비유관。연구결과봉부료남미팽기국입침괄응성연구적배경기출，동시야미보기재형태결구연구중적공결。
Wedelia trilobata was one of the common invasive plants in south China area. Because of its strong environmental adaptability and fast propagation speed, the phenomenon that the destruction of the ecological environment of invasion area led to the loss of biodiversity had aroused wide concern. What’s more, the adaptation between structure and function was one of the basic concepts of biology. Studies on anatomical structure of vegetative organs of invasive plants was the direct way to understand the relationship between the invasion ability and its biological characteristics and was also the basis for researching other physiological mechanism. Morphological and anatomical characteristics of vegetative organs(root, stem, leaf) of Wedelia trilobata was studied by freehand slice technique. The results were as follows:The structures of root and stem had secondary growth. There was a quantity of secretory canals distributed in root and leaf. The developed secondary xylem filled in center of the transverse section of root and the periderm replaced epidermis in protect function. The results that Wedlia triloata’s roots had the long period of the primary growth and secondary growth may be the basics for their successful competition with other native species for resources and space.The stem had structural characters of high ability to transport and support. The primary structure of stem was soon producing secondary structure that formed tubular structure and clearly separated the cortex from the pith. The internal organization of stem becoming lignified may be a key for their successful invasions. The leaf was bifacial leaf and had long epiderm hairs on its upper and lower epidermis. There were well-developed vascular bundles and bundle sheath extension distributing in the structure of the leaf. In addition, the secretory canal that distributed extensively in the leaves and roots may have something to do with the secretion of allelochemicals. The conclusions in this study not only enriched the background for the studies on the intrusion adaptability of Wedelia trilobata, but also made up for the vacancy in the study of morphological structure.