生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
6期
945-949
,共5页
杜有新%何春林%张乐华%黄强%黄勇%丁园
杜有新%何春林%張樂華%黃彊%黃勇%丁園
두유신%하춘림%장악화%황강%황용%정완
庐山%常绿树种%低温%生理生化%耐寒性
廬山%常綠樹種%低溫%生理生化%耐寒性
려산%상록수충%저온%생리생화%내한성
Lushan%evergreen tree%low temperature%physiochemical processes%cold resistance
为了探讨引种的珍贵树种对庐山冬季低温环境的适应性，以庐山植物园引种栽培的6种常绿园林树种即乐东拟单性木兰（Parakmeria Latungensis）、红花木莲（Manglietia insignis）、桂南木莲（Manglietia chingii）、四川含笑（Michelia szechuanica）、深山含笑（Michelia maudiae）和广玉兰（Magnolia grandiflora）为研究对象，以庐山乡土树种云锦杜鹃（Rhododendron fortunei）为对照，采集冬季不同时期的鲜叶样品，分析了7个树种叶片4个主要生理生化指标随气温变化而变化的特征，研究低温环境对这些树种生理生化过程的影响。结果表明：1）在冬季，大部分树种的可溶性糖含量呈现出与气温变化相反的趋势即先上升后下降，只有深山含笑在1月份，比上年12月份下降了7.54%，其他树种增加幅度处于11.56%~34.49%之间，而乐东拟单性木兰和广玉兰的可溶性糖含量呈现不断上升趋势。2）除桂南木莲和广玉兰外，可反映植物耐寒程度的丙二醛含量呈现不断上升的趋势，从上年12月份到当年1月份，上升幅度较大的有红花木莲、深山含笑和四川含笑，而从1月份到3月份，增加幅度较大的为广玉兰、桂南木莲、深山含笑和云锦杜鹃等树种。3）乐东拟单性木兰和深山含笑呈逐渐增加的趋势，而大部分树种的SOD活性都呈现与气温相似的变化趋势即先下降后上升的趋势；除了广玉兰的POD活性先上升后下降，其他树种则不断上升，但不同树种POD活性大小及变化幅度不尽相同，POD活性最高且变异性最大的是乐东拟单性木兰。4）单因素方差分析表明，可溶性糖含量和POD活性在不同温度下和不同树种间存在显著差异，丙二醛含量和SOD活性只在不同温度下存在显著差异，树种之间差异不明显。通过分析4个表征植物耐寒性的生化指标，显示出可溶性糖含量能够较客观地反映植物随着气温变化所发生的生理生化变化，可作为本地区植物耐寒性的一个重要指标。由于不同树种适应低温环境的生理生化机制存在差异，在选择表征植物耐寒性的生化指标时，应综合分析。
為瞭探討引種的珍貴樹種對廬山鼕季低溫環境的適應性，以廬山植物園引種栽培的6種常綠園林樹種即樂東擬單性木蘭（Parakmeria Latungensis）、紅花木蓮（Manglietia insignis）、桂南木蓮（Manglietia chingii）、四川含笑（Michelia szechuanica）、深山含笑（Michelia maudiae）和廣玉蘭（Magnolia grandiflora）為研究對象，以廬山鄉土樹種雲錦杜鵑（Rhododendron fortunei）為對照，採集鼕季不同時期的鮮葉樣品，分析瞭7箇樹種葉片4箇主要生理生化指標隨氣溫變化而變化的特徵，研究低溫環境對這些樹種生理生化過程的影響。結果錶明：1）在鼕季，大部分樹種的可溶性糖含量呈現齣與氣溫變化相反的趨勢即先上升後下降，隻有深山含笑在1月份，比上年12月份下降瞭7.54%，其他樹種增加幅度處于11.56%~34.49%之間，而樂東擬單性木蘭和廣玉蘭的可溶性糖含量呈現不斷上升趨勢。2）除桂南木蓮和廣玉蘭外，可反映植物耐寒程度的丙二醛含量呈現不斷上升的趨勢，從上年12月份到噹年1月份，上升幅度較大的有紅花木蓮、深山含笑和四川含笑，而從1月份到3月份，增加幅度較大的為廣玉蘭、桂南木蓮、深山含笑和雲錦杜鵑等樹種。3）樂東擬單性木蘭和深山含笑呈逐漸增加的趨勢，而大部分樹種的SOD活性都呈現與氣溫相似的變化趨勢即先下降後上升的趨勢；除瞭廣玉蘭的POD活性先上升後下降，其他樹種則不斷上升，但不同樹種POD活性大小及變化幅度不儘相同，POD活性最高且變異性最大的是樂東擬單性木蘭。4）單因素方差分析錶明，可溶性糖含量和POD活性在不同溫度下和不同樹種間存在顯著差異，丙二醛含量和SOD活性隻在不同溫度下存在顯著差異，樹種之間差異不明顯。通過分析4箇錶徵植物耐寒性的生化指標，顯示齣可溶性糖含量能夠較客觀地反映植物隨著氣溫變化所髮生的生理生化變化，可作為本地區植物耐寒性的一箇重要指標。由于不同樹種適應低溫環境的生理生化機製存在差異，在選擇錶徵植物耐寒性的生化指標時，應綜閤分析。
위료탐토인충적진귀수충대려산동계저온배경적괄응성，이려산식물완인충재배적6충상록완림수충즉악동의단성목란（Parakmeria Latungensis）、홍화목련（Manglietia insignis）、계남목련（Manglietia chingii）、사천함소（Michelia szechuanica）、심산함소（Michelia maudiae）화엄옥란（Magnolia grandiflora）위연구대상，이려산향토수충운금두견（Rhododendron fortunei）위대조，채집동계불동시기적선협양품，분석료7개수충협편4개주요생리생화지표수기온변화이변화적특정，연구저온배경대저사수충생리생화과정적영향。결과표명：1）재동계，대부분수충적가용성당함량정현출여기온변화상반적추세즉선상승후하강，지유심산함소재1월빈，비상년12월빈하강료7.54%，기타수충증가폭도처우11.56%~34.49%지간，이악동의단성목란화엄옥란적가용성당함량정현불단상승추세。2）제계남목련화엄옥란외，가반영식물내한정도적병이철함량정현불단상승적추세，종상년12월빈도당년1월빈，상승폭도교대적유홍화목련、심산함소화사천함소，이종1월빈도3월빈，증가폭도교대적위엄옥란、계남목련、심산함소화운금두견등수충。3）악동의단성목란화심산함소정축점증가적추세，이대부분수충적SOD활성도정현여기온상사적변화추세즉선하강후상승적추세；제료엄옥란적POD활성선상승후하강，기타수충칙불단상승，단불동수충POD활성대소급변화폭도불진상동，POD활성최고차변이성최대적시악동의단성목란。4）단인소방차분석표명，가용성당함량화POD활성재불동온도하화불동수충간존재현저차이，병이철함량화SOD활성지재불동온도하존재현저차이，수충지간차이불명현。통과분석4개표정식물내한성적생화지표，현시출가용성당함량능구교객관지반영식물수착기온변화소발생적생리생화변화，가작위본지구식물내한성적일개중요지표。유우불동수충괄응저온배경적생리생화궤제존재차이，재선택표정식물내한성적생화지표시，응종합분석。
To investigate the adaptability of tree species introduced from other area to low temperature environment in Lushan mountain, in contrast to the native Rhododendron fortune, six rare and evergreen tree species such as Parakmeria Latungensis, Manglietia insignis, Manglietia chingii, Michelia szechuanica, Michelia maudiae, and Magnolia grandiflora were targeted in the paper. These tree species have been introduced and cultivated in Lushan botanical garden many years ago. Living leaves were conducted and sampled with three replicates between different periods in winter from each tree species. The 4 important physiological and biochemical indices of the living leaves from 7 tree species were measured and the effect of low temperature on the physiological and biochemical processes in 7 tree species were discussed. The results showed that:1) the soluble sugar contents were increased first and then decreased conversely along with the temperature changes in winter among most tree species. Except for michelia maudiae, in which the soluble sugar contents were decreased by 7.54 percent from December in last year to January in this year, the soluble sugar contents in the other tree species were increased by from 11.56 to 34.49 percent. The soluble sugar contents in Parakmeria Latungensis and Magnolia grandiflora were increased continuously along with the temperature changes in winter. 2) Except for Manglietia chingii and Magnolia grandiflora, the malondialdehyde contents were increased continuously along with the temperature changes in winter. The rising range was relatively larger in Manglietia insignis, Michelia maudiae and Michelia szechuanica from December in last year to January in this year than the other tree species. The rising range was relatively larger in Magnolia grandiflora, Manglietia chingii, Michelia maudiae and Rhododendron fortunei from January to March in this year than the other tree species. 3) Increased continuously in Parakmeria latungensis and Michelia maudiae, the superoxide dismutase activities were decreased first and then increased similarly along with the temperature changes in winter among most tree species. Increased first and then decreased in Magnolia grandiflora, the peroxidase activities increased continuously along with the temperature changes in winter among most tree species. There was the largest variability and the highest contents in peroxidase activities in Parakmeria latungensis across these tree species. 4) The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant different in soluble sugar contents and peroxidase activities in living leaves between different temperature degrees and among these tree species. However, the malondialdehyde contents and superoxide dismutase activities in living leaves were significant different between the different temperature degrees, but there were no differences across these tree species. Compared with the other indices, the soluble sugar contents could objectively reflect the variation in physiological and biochemical processes resulted from temperature changes in winter. Thus, the soluble sugar contents would be accepted as one of indices in assessing the cold resistance for plants in the region. Because there are differences in mechanisms of adaptability to lower temperature stress among tree species, the indices in assessing the cold resistance for plants should be considered carefully and completely.
