CAJ | 학술논문

为了评价人工植被恢复模式对土壤质量的影响，该文以宁南山区7种人工植被恢复模式为研究对象，选取0～10和＞10～20 cm土层全氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、pH值和土壤含水量等指标作为土壤质量评价指标，应用灰色关联模型和聚类分析方法研究植被恢复对土壤质量的影响，确定最优植被恢复模式。结果表明，不同人工植被恢复模式对土壤质量有很大影响，与对照（农地）相比，恢复年限为5、10、15、20 a紫花苜蓿草地和恢复年限为30 a柠条林地均提高土壤质量，其中30 a柠条林地恢复效果最好。随着“退耕还林还草”的开展，在宁南山区，种植紫花苜蓿、建植柠条是较好的生态重建和植被恢复方式。研究结果为宁南山区植被和生态建设提供理论依据。
위료평개인공식피회복모식대토양질량적영향，해문이저남산구7충인공식피회복모식위연구대상，선취0～10화＞10～20 cm토층전담、전린、속효린、속효갑、유궤질、pH치화토양함수량등지표작위토양질량평개지표，응용회색관련모형화취류분석방법연구식피회복대토양질량적영향，학정최우식피회복모식。결과표명，불동인공식피회복모식대토양질량유흔대영향，여대조（농지）상비，회복년한위5、10、15、20 a자화목숙초지화회복년한위30 a저조임지균제고토양질량，기중30 a저조임지회복효과최호。수착“퇴경환림환초”적개전，재저남산구，충식자화목숙、건식저조시교호적생태중건화식피회복방식。연구결과위저남산구식피화생태건설제공이론의거。
Soil, as a vital natural resource, performs key environmental, economic, and social functions. High quality of soil not only produces better food and fiber, but also helps establish natural ecosystems and enhances air and water quality. Soil quality improvement is important for sustaining a global biosphere. Understanding the variability of soil quality is important in improving an ecological environment. Vegetation restoration played an important role in the ecological environment construction, and it could reduce the soil erosion and improve the soil quality. The hilly area of southern Ningxia, one of the soil erosion areas, was the key region of the conversion of cropland to forest and grassland and ecological construction. According to the complexity of the ecological environment in the hilly area of southern Ningxia, lots of vegetation restoration patterns had developed from the 1990s. Medicago sativa and Caragana microphylla were the main plant species in the vegetation restoration of this area. Some studies had also shown the variability of soil aggregate content and soil microorganisms under different artificial vegetation restoration patterns in the hilly area of southern Ningxia. However, little attention had been paid to the effects of vegetation restoration patterns on soil quality using a mathematical model. The objective of this research is to explore the response of soil quality to artificial vegetation restoration patterns in the hilly area of southern Ningxia. In this paper, soil samples were taken in 0-10 and >10-20 cm soil layers under seven artificial patterns. Soil samples were air-dried, divided, and passed through a 2-mm nylon sieve for measuring soil available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil pH value. Part of the air-dried and sieved samples were grounded and passed through either a 1-mm or a 0.25-mm nylon sieve for determining soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter. The soil organic matter and total nitrogen were determined using the potassium dichromate hydrometer method and the semi-micro Kjeldahl method, respectively. Soil total phosphorus was digested by H2SO4-HClO4 and followed by molybdate colorimetric measurement. Soil available phosphorus and available potassium was attained by extracting soil with 0.5 mol/L sodium bicarbonate (NaCO3) and 1 mol/L ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) then measured by molybdate colorimetric measurement and an atomic absorption spectrometer, respectively. A pH meter determined soil pH after extraction from a soil water ratio of 1:1. Soil water content was measured using a drying method. Considering the natural conditions of the hilly area of southern Ningxia, soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, pH, and soil water content in 0-10 and >10-20 cm soil layers were selected as the index. Using the grey correlation model and cluster analysis, seven artificial patterns were selected to study the effect of vegetation restoration on the soil quality and determine the optimum pattern. The results showed that different artificial vegetation restoration patterns had different effects on soil quality. Compared to farmland, both the Medicago sativa pattern with 5, 10, 15, 20 years and Caragana microphylla pattern with 30 years could improve soil quality. The best pattern was the Caragana microphylla pattern with 30 years. It indicated that with the development of the Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Project, planting both Medicago sativa and Caragana microphylla should be the optional choices to restore soil quality, since they could decrease the soil erosion and improve soil condition, especially in the hilly area of Southern Ningxia.