CAJ | 학술논문

能源消费模式不仅受技术效率的制约，也是生活方式与社会文化等因素影响的结果。为掌握牧民定居后家庭能源消费模式的演变规律及环境影响，该文在对甘南牧区20个乡镇259个牧民家庭用能资料分析的基础上，分析了游牧、半定居、定居3种生活方式下能源消费模式的差异，以及主要温室气体及污染物的排放情况。结果表明：牧民定居后，生活方式发生了重大变化，并对牧区家庭能源消费模式产生了深远的影响。在消费总量上，人均能耗水平显著下降，从1738.85减少到734.19 kgce（千克标准煤）。在消费结构上，商品能源的消费比例逐渐提高，生物质能消费数量明显减少，且呈现出多元化的趋势，太阳能的使用量有所下降。因为消费了较多的商品能源，综合热效率从15.74%、16.81%提高到19.96%，节能效应逐渐凸显。环境影响发生变化，CO2、N2O、CH4、NOx、TSP（总悬浮颗粒物）等主要温室气体及污染物的排放量都在显著减少，而因煤炭等商品能源消费产生的SO2排放量有所增加。家庭能源消费模式变化后产生了新的环境问题，牧区能源建设需进行系统规划。研究结果可为推动牧区节能减排和实现牧区可持续发展提供依据。
능원소비모식불부수기술효솔적제약，야시생활방식여사회문화등인소영향적결과。위장악목민정거후가정능원소비모식적연변규률급배경영향，해문재대감남목구20개향진259개목민가정용능자료분석적기출상，분석료유목、반정거、정거3충생활방식하능원소비모식적차이，이급주요온실기체급오염물적배방정황。결과표명：목민정거후，생활방식발생료중대변화，병대목구가정능원소비모식산생료심원적영향。재소비총량상，인균능모수평현저하강，종1738.85감소도734.19 kgce（천극표준매）。재소비결구상，상품능원적소비비례축점제고，생물질능소비수량명현감소，차정현출다원화적추세，태양능적사용량유소하강。인위소비료교다적상품능원，종합열효솔종15.74%、16.81%제고도19.96%，절능효응축점철현。배경영향발생변화，CO2、N2O、CH4、NOx、TSP（총현부과립물）등주요온실기체급오염물적배방량도재현저감소，이인매탄등상품능원소비산생적SO2배방량유소증가。가정능원소비모식변화후산생료신적배경문제，목구능원건설수진행계통규화。연구결과가위추동목구절능감배화실현목구가지속발전제공의거。
Energy consumption patterns are not only restricted by the technical efficiency, but also the result of the impact of lifestyle and social cultural. The purpose of this paper is to master the evolution and environmental effect of household energy consumption patterns after herdsmen settlement. Based on the data analysis of 259 herdsmen household energy consumption in 20 towns on Gannan pastoral areas, this article has studied the differences of energy consumption patterns between nomadic, semi-settled, and settled lifestyle, and analyzed the emissions of major greenhouse gases and pollutants. The results show that: Overall, pastoral families mainly consume dung and other biomass, the per capita energy consumption is higher, but the energy quality is poor, and the majority of household energy consumption is still in a state of meeting the basic survival needs. After herdsmen settlement, the lifestyle has undergone major changes, and exerted a far-reaching influence on the pastoral household energy consumption patterns. On the total consumption, the per capita energy consumption level decreases significantly, reduces from 1738.85 to 734.19 kgce (kg of standard coal), and is only 46.99% and 42.22% of the consumption under the semi-settled and nomadic lifestyle. There are two main reasons, one reason is that the heating time is shortened;another reason is that the substitution effect of commercial energy is obvious.. For the consumption structure, the quantity and proportion of commercial energy consumption are gradually increased; the number of biomass energy consumption is significantly reduced, and shows a trend of diversification. The way of using solar energy is shifted from generating power by photovoltaic panels to steering water by a solar cooker, and the quantity is declined. Although the amount of solar energy use is smaller, it has profound implications for improving the quality of herdsmen life, it solves the basic electricity needs of nomadic herdsmen. After the herdsmen settlement, pastoral household energy consumption type becomes diverse, herdsmen use more commercial energy and advanced appliances, the integrated thermal efficiency increases from 15.74%, 16.81%to 19.96%, and the energy saving effect is gradually highlighted. Compared with the physical consumption, the gap of heating services acquired is narrowing between settled, semi-settled and nomadic herdsmen. After the herdsmensettlement, the impact of environment is changed, the main greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions of CO2, N2O, CH4, NOx, TSP are significantly reduced, and the negative impacts on the health of residents are also reduced, while the emissions of SO2 is increased due to the consumption of coal and other commodities. New environmental problem are created after the change in household energy consumption patterns, the energy development needs system planning. These research results can provide the basis for promoting pastoral energy conservation and achieving sustainable development of pastoral areas.