农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
16期
230-238
,共9页
李荣华%张广杰%张增强%王权%孙西宁
李榮華%張廣傑%張增彊%王權%孫西寧
리영화%장엄걸%장증강%왕권%손서저
堆肥%降解%氮%木炭%猪粪%稻壳%质量
堆肥%降解%氮%木炭%豬糞%稻殼%質量
퇴비%강해%담%목탄%저분%도각%질량
composting%degradation%nitrogen%wood charcoal%pig manure%rice husk%quality
为促进农业废弃物的资源化利用，试验以猪粪和稻壳为原料，用化学分析和仪器分析相结合的方法，研究了添加不同质量分数（0、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%和10.0%）的木炭对60 d猪粪好氧堆肥过程的影响。结果表明：在堆肥有机质的降解过程中，含-OH、-CH3和-CH2基团的化合物的质量分数逐渐减少，含-C=O、C-O-C、-COO基团和含芳香环类物质的质量分数逐渐增加。添加木炭能促使堆肥物料的降解，随着木炭添加量的增加，在60 d的堆肥过程中，各处理有机碳的质量分数分别降低了12.23%、13.77%、14.88%、15.36%和15.86%，碳氮比分别下降了47.80%、54.98%、56.97%、60.03%和65.73%。与对照相比，添加木炭可延长堆肥高温期的停留时间3～5 d，增加堆肥物料的持水能力并降低堆肥产品的电导率；同时，添加木炭还能减少堆肥初期氨气的挥发，提高铵态氮的质量分数，促使堆肥后期硝态氮的转化。堆肥结束时，添加木炭可使硝态氮的质量分数提高55.86%～89.32%，总氮的质量分数提高20.55%～53.07%，雪里蕻种子发芽率提高17.6%～41.2%，萌发指数达1.02～1.44。研究表明，添加木炭能促进堆肥有机物料的降解，加快堆肥腐熟脱毒，增加堆肥产品总氮的质量分数，提高产品质量。木炭作为一种潜在的猪粪堆肥添加剂，在促进农业废弃物资源化利用方面具有广阔的应用前景。
為促進農業廢棄物的資源化利用，試驗以豬糞和稻殼為原料，用化學分析和儀器分析相結閤的方法，研究瞭添加不同質量分數（0、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%和10.0%）的木炭對60 d豬糞好氧堆肥過程的影響。結果錶明：在堆肥有機質的降解過程中，含-OH、-CH3和-CH2基糰的化閤物的質量分數逐漸減少，含-C=O、C-O-C、-COO基糰和含芳香環類物質的質量分數逐漸增加。添加木炭能促使堆肥物料的降解，隨著木炭添加量的增加，在60 d的堆肥過程中，各處理有機碳的質量分數分彆降低瞭12.23%、13.77%、14.88%、15.36%和15.86%，碳氮比分彆下降瞭47.80%、54.98%、56.97%、60.03%和65.73%。與對照相比，添加木炭可延長堆肥高溫期的停留時間3～5 d，增加堆肥物料的持水能力併降低堆肥產品的電導率；同時，添加木炭還能減少堆肥初期氨氣的揮髮，提高銨態氮的質量分數，促使堆肥後期硝態氮的轉化。堆肥結束時，添加木炭可使硝態氮的質量分數提高55.86%～89.32%，總氮的質量分數提高20.55%～53.07%，雪裏蕻種子髮芽率提高17.6%～41.2%，萌髮指數達1.02～1.44。研究錶明，添加木炭能促進堆肥有機物料的降解，加快堆肥腐熟脫毒，增加堆肥產品總氮的質量分數，提高產品質量。木炭作為一種潛在的豬糞堆肥添加劑，在促進農業廢棄物資源化利用方麵具有廣闊的應用前景。
위촉진농업폐기물적자원화이용，시험이저분화도각위원료，용화학분석화의기분석상결합적방법，연구료첨가불동질량분수（0、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%화10.0%）적목탄대60 d저분호양퇴비과정적영향。결과표명：재퇴비유궤질적강해과정중，함-OH、-CH3화-CH2기단적화합물적질량분수축점감소，함-C=O、C-O-C、-COO기단화함방향배류물질적질량분수축점증가。첨가목탄능촉사퇴비물료적강해，수착목탄첨가량적증가，재60 d적퇴비과정중，각처리유궤탄적질량분수분별강저료12.23%、13.77%、14.88%、15.36%화15.86%，탄담비분별하강료47.80%、54.98%、56.97%、60.03%화65.73%。여대조상비，첨가목탄가연장퇴비고온기적정류시간3～5 d，증가퇴비물료적지수능력병강저퇴비산품적전도솔；동시，첨가목탄환능감소퇴비초기안기적휘발，제고안태담적질량분수，촉사퇴비후기초태담적전화。퇴비결속시，첨가목탄가사초태담적질량분수제고55.86%～89.32%，총담적질량분수제고20.55%～53.07%，설리홍충자발아솔제고17.6%～41.2%，맹발지수체1.02～1.44。연구표명，첨가목탄능촉진퇴비유궤물료적강해，가쾌퇴비부숙탈독，증가퇴비산품총담적질량분수，제고산품질량。목탄작위일충잠재적저분퇴비첨가제，재촉진농업폐기물자원화이용방면구유엄활적응용전경。
In order to promote waste recycling and investigate the effect of hardwood-based biochar additives in the process of pig manure composting, the pig manure was mixed with rice husk and further amended with oak wood charcoal at 0, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0%in dry weight before being aerobically composted for 60 days. The parameters, such as temperature, water content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, C/N ratio, total nitrogen, NH4+-N, NO3--N, NH3, etc., were detected through chemical analysis. The organic matter degradation process was evaluated by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) methods. The FTIR analysis showed that the contents of the compounds with-OH,-CH3, and-CH2 groups decreased with time, while the contents of the compounds with-C=O, C-O-C,-COO, and aromatic groups increased with time during the 60 days of composting. The compost sample SEM analysis proved that the mixture particle size decreased with the progress of time and the amount of wood charcoal. During the 60 days composting, as the wood charcoal addition amount increased, the organic carbon contents in all the treatments decreased 12.23%, 13.77%, 14.88%, 15.36%, and 15.86%, respectively; the C/N ratio decreased 47.80%, 54.98%, 56.97%, 60.03%, and 65.73%, respectively. Compared to the control, the addition of wood charcoal had no significant effect on pH variation, and the final compost pH kept the balance at 8.0. Wood charcoal addition extended high-temperature processing times by 2-5 days, increased the water contents, and decreased the EC value during composting. During the 60 days composting, as the wood charcoal addition amount increased, the moisture content decreased 15.9%, 13.0%, 11.1%, 10.1%, and 7.8%, respectively; while the EC value in the wood charcoal added treatment were decreased 0.07, 0.15, 0.23, and 0.28 mS/cm than that of the control, respectively. Addition of oak wood charcoal additives could enhance the organic matter degradation during the composting. Wood charcoal addition increased the NH4+-N concentration at the beginning composting stage and the NO3--N concentration at the later composting stage. Compared to the control, after 60 days of composting the final NO3--N concentrations in charcoal adding treatments increased 55.86%-89.32%, the final total nitrogen concentrations in charcoal adding treatments increased 20.55%-53.07%, and the total nitrogen contents in the final compost were nearly 14.92, 16.69, 17.32, 18.05, and 18.53 g/kg, respectively. The addition of wood charcoal had no significant effect on potherb mustard (Ardisiasquamulosapresl) germination but had a positive effect on the germination index evolution. The potherb mustard germination index values increased with composting time and were higher in the wood charcoal adding treatments than in the control. After 60 days of composting, the potherb mustard germination rate increased 17.6%-41.2% and germination index ranged from 1.02 to 1.44 in the charcoal adding treatments. The potherb mustard germination index value variation proved that the addition of wood charcoal in pig manure composting favors the detoxication of the compost. The study implicated that adding wood charcoal in pig manure compost could accelerate the composting maturity, reduce nitrogen loss, and improve the quality of compost. Wood charcoal was a potential additive in pig manure composting.
