CAJ | 학술논문

为了在蛋鸡自然状态下，实现对其采食量、饮水量、排泄量、产蛋时间、蛋质量等生产参数的长期自动采集，克服人工采集工作量大，鸡应激反应造成误差大等问题，设计并实现了基于传感器网络的蛋鸡生产参数自动监测系统。该装置运用人机工程学的设计方法，将传统鸡笼与传感器有机结合，实现了对蛋鸡生产参数无干扰远程监测。该文重点分析了鸡笼的机械结构设计、传感器通信原理、数据采集与分析利用问题。试验结果表明，系统运行稳定，采食量、饮水量、排泄量、蛋质量平均相对误差均小于0.2%。该研究提高了监测数据的精确性，为蛋鸡养殖中科研数据收集、分析和利用提供了新方法和手段，为进一步研究蛋鸡生长过程中生产参数的无干扰自动采集技术提供了参考。
위료재단계자연상태하，실현대기채식량、음수량、배설량、산단시간、단질량등생산삼수적장기자동채집，극복인공채집공작량대，계응격반응조성오차대등문제，설계병실현료기우전감기망락적단계생산삼수자동감측계통。해장치운용인궤공정학적설계방법，장전통계롱여전감기유궤결합，실현료대단계생산삼수무간우원정감측。해문중점분석료계롱적궤계결구설계、전감기통신원리、수거채집여분석이용문제。시험결과표명，계통운행은정，채식량、음수량、배설량、단질량평균상대오차균소우0.2%。해연구제고료감측수거적정학성，위단계양식중과연수거수집、분석화이용제공료신방법화수단，위진일보연구단계생장과정중생산삼수적무간우자동채집기술제공료삼고。
In order to identify and avoid risks during the breeding process of laying hens, it is necessary to acquire real-time and continuous data of laying hens’ physiology and production parameters. At present, data acquisition and processing is mainly dependent on the manual mode, which is a very costly and time consuming process. Meanwhile, the data obtained from human observation involves strong subjectivity, which could be disadvantageous for carrying out accurate, stable, and continuous recording. In addition, the manual mode of data measurement will affect the living environment and physiological state of laying hens, and even cause stress reactions. This will, in turn, affect the accuracy of data monitoring. Therefore, if there is an approach to collect all kinds of physiology and production parameters of laying hens in the natural state, the acquired data will be more accurate and closer to the actual situation of the testing objects. <br> On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes an automatic data monitoring system for laying hens’ production parameters based on the sensor network technology. This system can collect 6 types of production parameters by using a multiple-sensor module, including food intake, water intake, excretion volume, egg production time, egg quantity, and egg quality. After an information integration process using a microprocessor, the acquired data will be transmitted back to the server end through the network. Thus, the remote data acquisition and the visualized data processing are realized under natural conditions. The author adopted the design method of man-machine engineering, and organically combined traditional cages with a sensor system. This new structure design ensures that each cage only holds one laying hen, and each hen has its own feed tank, water tank, egg collection plate, and excretion collection plate. The system therefore enables data acquisition of individual laying hens. The cages are built in modules, which is friendly for scale production, transportation, installation, and customization. In terms of data communication, this system applies the transmitter technology and expands the node access quantity of the RS 485 bus. The number of laying hens that can be simultaneously monitored on a single bus is up to 500. The data acquisition server reads the measurements of each sensor periodically by using the polling method. This paper discusses the factors influencing of the polling cycle, and provides a formula to determine its appropriate value. The paper also elaborates on the communication process between server and sensor, and describes the working principles of the sensors for food intake, water intake, excretion volume, egg production time, egg quantity, and egg quality respectively. Then data processing results are visualized in a variety of forms and tables. <br> The results indicated that this system operates stably; the average relative error of food intake, water intake, excretion volume, and egg quality is below 0.2%. This study significantly improves the accuracy of data monitoring, and provides a new method and approach for the acquisition and analysis of scientific data. It also establishes meaningful references for the further research of automatic and interference-free data acquisition technology of laying hens during the breeding process.