CAJ | 학술논문

为系统测定玉米（Zea mays L.）、大豆（Glycine max）、谷子（Setaria italica）和冬小麦（Triticum aestivum Linn.）不同生长阶段的穿透雨、茎秆流和冠层截留，研究采用室内模拟降雨法测定了不同降雨强度、不同叶面积指数作物冠下穿透雨和茎秆流，采用喷雾法测定了作物不同生长阶段的冠层截留。对其进行了量化分析，并探讨了3者与作物叶面积指数和降雨强度的关系。结果表明：在40和80 mm/h降雨强度下降雨30 min，玉米、大豆、谷子和冬小麦冠下穿透雨率分别平均为65.15%、85.52%、80.05%和72.18%；在40和80 mm/h降雨强度下降雨10～20 min，4种茎秆流率分别平均为34.59%、13.58%、19.42%和26.34%；在0.3 mm/min喷雾强度下，作物冠层截留量相对较小，冠层截留率分别为0.26%、0.90%、0.53%和1.48%。随作物生长，穿透雨量逐渐降低，茎秆流量和冠层截留量逐渐增加。降雨强度与穿透雨量和茎秆流量呈正相关关系，但是2者占总降雨量的比例与降雨强度关系不显著（p＞0.05）。随着作物生长，穿透雨冠下空间分布由均匀逐渐趋向于不均匀，具有趋于向行中汇集的趋势。该研究揭示了黄土高原地区主要作物对降雨的再分配作用特征，可为农田水分有效利用和坡耕地土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。
위계통측정옥미（Zea mays L.）、대두（Glycine max）、곡자（Setaria italica）화동소맥（Triticum aestivum Linn.）불동생장계단적천투우、경간류화관층절류，연구채용실내모의강우법측정료불동강우강도、불동협면적지수작물관하천투우화경간류，채용분무법측정료작물불동생장계단적관층절류。대기진행료양화분석，병탐토료3자여작물협면적지수화강우강도적관계。결과표명：재40화80 mm/h강우강도하강우30 min，옥미、대두、곡자화동소맥관하천투우솔분별평균위65.15%、85.52%、80.05%화72.18%；재40화80 mm/h강우강도하강우10～20 min，4충경간류솔분별평균위34.59%、13.58%、19.42%화26.34%；재0.3 mm/min분무강도하，작물관층절류량상대교소，관층절류솔분별위0.26%、0.90%、0.53%화1.48%。수작물생장，천투우량축점강저，경간류량화관층절류량축점증가。강우강도여천투우량화경간류량정정상관관계，단시2자점총강우량적비례여강우강도관계불현저（p＞0.05）。수착작물생장，천투우관하공간분포유균균축점추향우불균균，구유추우향행중회집적추세。해연구게시료황토고원지구주요작물대강우적재분배작용특정，가위농전수분유효이용화파경지토양침식방치제공이론의거。
Crop canopy greatly affects the distribution of rainfall or irrigation water in the canopy and topsoil, thus potentially causing uneven distribution of surface soil water content and altering water use efficiency. Rainfall and sprinkler irrigation water are partitioned into four components as it passes through the plant canopy:throughfall, stemflow, interception storage, and in-canopy evaporation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of crop canopy on the redistribution of rainfall. The simulated rainfall was used to measure soybean canopy stemflow and throughfall, and a spray method was used to observe canopy interception. In order to measure throughfall, stemflow, and interception storage at different times during the growing season of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max), millet (Setaria italic) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.), the throughfall and stemflow were measured indoors during simulated rainfall events with different leaf area indexes (LAI) under different rainfall intensities, and the spray method was used to measure the interception storage of crop canopies with different LAI. The effects of LAI and rainfall intensity on throughfall, stemflow, and interception storage were analyzed. The results showed that crop canopy had a significant (p<0.05) effect on rainfall redistribution under simulated rainfall. For the four crops canopy under the rainfall intensity of 40 and 80 mm/h, throughfall accounted for 77.04% of the total rainfall, stemflow accounted for 24.07% of the total rainfall, and the canopy interception was quit small less than 1% of the total rainfall. Under corn canopy, throughfall accounted for 36.23%to 93.55%of the total rainfall with a weighted averaging 65.15%across the entire experiment;stemflow accounted for 5.98%to 70.42%of the total rainfall with a weighted averaging 34.59%;the average interception storage was 0.16 mm equivalent to 0.26% of the total rainfall amount. Throughfall under soybean canopy accounted for 75.32% to 97.08% of the total rainfall with a weighted averaging 85.52% across the entire experiment, stemflow accounted for 3.06% to 22.52% with a weighted averaging 13.58% across the entire experiment, and the average interception storage of soybean canopy was 0.48 mm equivalent to 0.90%of the total rainfall amount. For millet, throughfall ratio ranged from 66.18%to 91.97%with a weighted averaging 80.05%in whole growth season, stemflow ratio ranged from 6.30%to 32.80%with a weighted averaging 19.42%in whole millet growth season, and the interception storage averaged 0.28 mm equivalent to 0.53% of the total rainfall amount. Throughfall ratio under winter wheat canopy ranged from 76.40%to 81.85%with a weighted averaging of 72.18%, stemflow ratio ranged of 22.15% to 36.52% with a weighted averaging of 26.34%, and the interception storage averaged 0.88 mm equivalent to 1.5%of the total rainfall amount. The amount of throughfall declined gradually as the crops LAI increased, whereas stemflow and interception storage gradually increased. There was a positive correlation between rainfall intensity and throughfall amount and also between rainfall intensity and stemflow amount. The ratio of throughfall to the total rainfall was not significantly related to rainfall intensity (p>0.05). Similarly, the ratio of stemflow to the total rainfall was not significantly related to rainfall intensity (p>0.05). As the crop grew up, the spatial distribution of throughfall gradually became uneven and rainwater tended to concentrate in the inter-row area. This study provides important insights into the effect of the crop canopy on the redistribution of rainfall and this study can be used as a theoretical basis for effectively using agricultural water and for controlling soil erosion on slopes.