CAJ | 학술논문

针对目前虾夷扇贝（Patinopecten yessoensis）海上转运系统作业装备落后及作业方式不合理，致使作业效率低、用工人数多、以及扇贝缩边死亡与碎贝现象严重等问题，通过对獐子岛虾夷扇贝海上转运系统的调研，提出了一种转运方案，并对转运装备进行优化设计。通过海上生产对比试验，得出以下结论：为虾夷扇贝采捕船配备甲板拣贝作业系统与可折叠式装贝笼箱，优化了采捕船拣贝、装箱、装卸舱等作业模式，使劳动强度大幅降低，且用工人数减少2人/艘，作业时间缩短了约0.6 h；运输船采用可折叠式装贝笼箱代替原转运笼箱，使笼箱装卸流程更加合理高效，且作业时间缩短了约0.52 h；采用改造后虾夷扇贝转运系统运输，扇贝缩边死亡率与碎贝率显著降低，其中扇贝平均缩边死亡率约为1.92%，且5个月试验扇贝缩边死亡率无显著差异（P＞0.05），与原转运系统相比显著降低（P＜0.05），降低了约1.43%；改造后平均碎贝率约为0.84%，且5个月试验碎贝率无显著差异（P＞0.05），较原转运系统显著降低（P＜0.05），降低了约1.99%；改造后的虾夷扇贝海上转运系统经济效果显著，每年可节省费用约2853.6万元。由此说明，改造后的虾夷扇贝海上转运系统具有高效、高收益等特点，推广应用前景广阔。
침대목전하이선패（Patinopecten yessoensis）해상전운계통작업장비락후급작업방식불합리，치사작업효솔저、용공인수다、이급선패축변사망여쇄패현상엄중등문제，통과대장자도하이선패해상전운계통적조연，제출료일충전운방안，병대전운장비진행우화설계。통과해상생산대비시험，득출이하결론：위하이선패채포선배비갑판간패작업계통여가절첩식장패롱상，우화료채포선간패、장상、장사창등작업모식，사노동강도대폭강저，차용공인수감소2인/소，작업시간축단료약0.6 h；운수선채용가절첩식장패롱상대체원전운롱상，사롱상장사류정경가합리고효，차작업시간축단료약0.52 h；채용개조후하이선패전운계통운수，선패축변사망솔여쇄패솔현저강저，기중선패평균축변사망솔약위1.92%，차5개월시험선패축변사망솔무현저차이（P＞0.05），여원전운계통상비현저강저（P＜0.05），강저료약1.43%；개조후평균쇄패솔약위0.84%，차5개월시험쇄패솔무현저차이（P＞0.05），교원전운계통현저강저（P＜0.05），강저료약1.99%；개조후적하이선패해상전운계통경제효과현저，매년가절성비용약2853.6만원。유차설명，개조후적하이선패해상전운계통구유고효、고수익등특점，추엄응용전경엄활。
By analyzing and investigating the system of shipping transfer for Patinopecten yessoensis in Dalian Zhangzi Island, a new type of high efficiency and reasonable scallop shipping transfer system were designed and improved. In order to prove that its structure is reasonable, a compared test was executed in Da Lian Zhangzi Island. The research showed that scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) with an average shell length of (120±10) mm and average mass of (110±10) g were collected from the Da Lian Zhangzi Island sea area. The scallop capture ship length is 23 m, has one cabin and cabin size is 2 400 mm×1 900 mm×2 300 mm, full and complete scallops are 3t, diesel power is 112 kW. The test scallop transport ship is Liao Chang Yu Yun 18023, which has 4 cabins, one cabin size is 7 700 mm×3 400 mm× 2 300 mm, hatch size is 3 800 mm×2 000 mm×800 mm, full and complete with scallops is 57 t. Original cage size is 510 mm×360 mm×265 mm, mesh size is 30 mm×30 mm, and the material is rigid plastic. Improved cage (folding cage) is 1 150 mm×900 mm×900 mm, mesh size is 40 mm×40 mm, the folded size is 1 150 mm×900 mm×150 mm, and the material is Zn hot dipped steel. <br> Tests were based on actual production situation, lasted 5 months (from August to December, 2013) and working 4 times per month. 18023 scallop transport ship’s 4 cabins were marked as 1, 2, 3, 4. Original scallop cages were stored in 1 and 2 fresh water cabins, which can be stored 1 400 original cages and one cage can store 16 kg of scallops. Improved scallop cages were stored in 3 and 4 fresh water cabins, which can store 64 improved cages and one cage can store 350 kg scallops. In order to improve the work efficiency, 1 and 2 cabins were equipped with 8 scallop capture ships, which adopt an original work mode. 3 and 4 cabins were equipped with 8 scallops capture ships, which were equipped with a work platform system and a folding cage. By the end of test every day, calculate the amounts of loading and unloading time of scallops and the rates of mantle shrink and mortality and breakage of scallops. <br> The results showed that by equipping the work platform system and folding cage, working efficiency was improved and the rates of mantle shrink and mortality and breakage of scallops were decreased. Scallops loading and unloading time of improved shipping transfer system were decreased 1.12 h and employed workers were reduced to 46. Rates of mantle shrink and mortality were decreased 1.43% and breakage rates of scallops were decreased 1.99%. Meanwhile, the improved shipping transfer system of scallops has significant economic benefit. According to statistics, an improved shipping transfer system can save an investment cost of 20.39821 million yuan per year. It is able to significantly reduce transport consumption, and ensure the scallops vividness. This method meets the development needs of green industry.