CAJ | 학술논문

根据水稻种植的农艺要求，在同步开沟起垄水稻精量穴播技术的基础上进一步提出了一种水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术。调查了在不同种植方式条件下不同品种的水稻根系在稻田中的分布情况，根据根系的分布情况研究了深施肥技术参数，确定了深施肥深度以不超过10 cm为宜，研究了培杂泰丰、玉香油占2种品种水稻施入0～5 cm土层与5～10 cm土层中的肥料比例关系。试验结果表明华南农业大学研制的同步开沟起垄侧位深施肥水稻精量穴播机能满足水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术的要求，可以作为实施水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术的载体。生产试验表明：水稻穴播同步侧位深施肥技术具有增产、节本的效用。在同等的施肥条件下，机械播种及深施肥处理的有效穗、穗平均实粒数、结实率均高于机械播种人工撒施肥和人工撒直播人工撒施肥，增产418.5～957 kg/hm2，增幅5.86%～13.41%。该文研究可为深施肥机具的设计提供参考依据。
근거수도충식적농예요구，재동보개구기롱수도정량혈파기술적기출상진일보제출료일충수도혈파동보측위심시비기술。조사료재불동충식방식조건하불동품충적수도근계재도전중적분포정황，근거근계적분포정황연구료심시비기술삼수，학정료심시비심도이불초과10 cm위의，연구료배잡태봉、옥향유점2충품충수도시입0～5 cm토층여5～10 cm토층중적비료비례관계。시험결과표명화남농업대학연제적동보개구기롱측위심시비수도정량혈파궤능만족수도혈파동보측위심시비기술적요구，가이작위실시수도혈파동보측위심시비기술적재체。생산시험표명：수도혈파동보측위심시비기술구유증산、절본적효용。재동등적시비조건하，궤계파충급심시비처리적유효수、수평균실립수、결실솔균고우궤계파충인공살시비화인공살직파인공살시비，증산418.5～957 kg/hm2，증폭5.86%～13.41%。해문연구가위심시비궤구적설계제공삼고의거。
Deep fertilizing is a high efficiency fertilization method in rice fields. In order to realize deep fertilizing, according to the requirement of rice planting, a synchronous side deep fertilizing technique is developed on the base of a precision rice hill-drop drilling technique. By ditching, ridging, deep fertilizing, and seeding joint operations, the fertilizing ditch openers prescribe fertilizing ditches, and the fertilizer apparatus puts fertilizers into the fertilizing ditches which are between two seeding ditches, to provide fertility of the necessary growth for rice in the two seeding ditches. At the same time, the fertilizing ditches are covered by the skateboard. After covering, fertilizers can reduce the loss due to volatilization, denitrification, and leaching. And then the seeding ditch openers prescribe seeding ditches, and the seed-falling devices take rice into the seeding ditches, at the same time the water ditch openers prescribe water ditches, and the water in the water ditches will be provided for the rice in the seeding ditches. <br> In order to explore the distribution of the depth of deep fertilizing and fertilizer in different soil layers, this paper investigated the special distribution of the rice root system in different planting patterns and rice varieties. The 80%rice root is in a 0-10 cm soil layer. Technical parameters for synchronous side deep fertilizing were studied based on the special distribution of the rice root system in that soil layer (0-10 cm). The optimum fertilization depth was identified as 10 cm. And according to the special distribution of the rice root in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers, fertilization distribution for the rice varieties of ‘Peizataifeng’ and ‘Yuxiangyouzhan’ in the 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers was researched. The field experiment results showed that the precision rice hill-drop drilling machine with synchronous side deep fertilizing developed in SCAU meets the requirements of the synchronous side deep fertilizing technique, which can be used as the implementation of a synchronous side deep fertilizing technique with precision rice hill-drop drilling. <br> The field experiment results in rice production indicated that the technique can increase the yield and reduce the cost. Compared with the artificial fertilizing on the same fertilizing level, the higher effective panicle, grains per panicle, and seed setting rate were achieved with the synchronous side deep fertilizing technique. The rice yield increased by 418.5-957 kg/hm2 with an improvement of 5.86%-13.41%. The research results could provide the references for the design synchronous side deep fertilizing machine.