CAJ | 학술논문

行星齿轮传动结构一般由太阳轮、行星轮、内齿圈和行星架等组成，相比定轴齿轮传动，其结构更加复杂。行星齿轮箱中，多对齿轮啮合引起的振动相互叠加、各啮合点与传感器之间的传递路径周期性变化等特点使其故障诊断比定轴齿轮箱难度更大。为了准确诊断行星齿轮箱故障，分析其传动机理、建立振动信号仿真模型尤为重要。针对这一需求，将行星齿轮箱内部的多个啮合“分而治之”，分析每个啮合成分的传递路径，综合考虑各啮合成分之间的相位差，建立行星齿轮箱的振动信号仿真模型，得到了不同齿轮故障时的振动响应信号，通过对比正常与故障信号的不同特点，实现行星齿轮箱的故障诊断。该模型的优势在于综合考虑了行星齿轮箱内部的多对啮合以及它们之间的相位关系、行星轮公转引起的时变传递路径以及齿轮故障时的调制等因素。为了验证该信号仿真模型，在行星齿轮箱试验台上采集了正常、太阳轮和行星轮局部故障的振动信号，与仿真模型的信号进行了分析比较，归纳了行星齿轮箱齿轮局部故障时的振动信号特点。
행성치륜전동결구일반유태양륜、행성륜、내치권화행성가등조성，상비정축치륜전동，기결구경가복잡。행성치륜상중，다대치륜교합인기적진동상호첩가、각교합점여전감기지간적전체로경주기성변화등특점사기고장진단비정축치륜상난도경대。위료준학진단행성치륜상고장，분석기전동궤리、건립진동신호방진모형우위중요。침대저일수구，장행성치륜상내부적다개교합“분이치지”，분석매개교합성분적전체로경，종합고필각교합성분지간적상위차，건립행성치륜상적진동신호방진모형，득도료불동치륜고장시적진동향응신호，통과대비정상여고장신호적불동특점，실현행성치륜상적고장진단。해모형적우세재우종합고필료행성치륜상내부적다대교합이급타문지간적상위관계、행성륜공전인기적시변전체로경이급치륜고장시적조제등인소。위료험증해신호방진모형，재행성치륜상시험태상채집료정상、태양륜화행성륜국부고장적진동신호，여방진모형적신호진행료분석비교，귀납료행성치륜상치륜국부고장시적진동신호특점。
Planetary gear transmission structures, consisting of sun gear, planet gears, ring gear, carrier etc., are more complex than fixed-axis gear transmission structures. In planetary gearboxes, the vibration responses of multiple gear pair meshing couple with each other, and the vibration transmission paths from gear meshing points to the fixed transducers are time-varying. Therefore, fault diagnosis of the planetary gearboxes is more difficult compared to that of fixed-axis gearboxes, in which the vibration simulation models are very important. By analyzing the transmission paths of each meshing vibration and synthetizing the phase differences between different meshing vibrations, vibration simulation models of the planetary gearboxes are constructed and the vibration signals based on the models are obtained. By comparing the signal characteristics of the faulty condition with the healthy one, faults of the planetary gearboxes can be diagnosed. The constructed models are characterized by considering multiple gear pair meshing and their phase relations, time-varying vibration transmission paths, modulations due to gear faults, etc. To test the proposed models, the vibration signals are measured from a planetary gearbox test rig under the healthy condition, the sun gear with a cracked tooth and a planet gear with a cracked tooth, respectively. The fault characteristics of the planetary gearboxes are summarized based on the comparisons of the vibration signals between the models and the experiments.