CAJ | 학술논문

以欧亚种“亚历山大”葡萄为试验材料，采用有机基质[V（泥炭土）∶V（堆肥）∶V（蛭石）=4∶1∶1]和半基质[V（有机基质）∶V（土壤）=1∶1]为栽培基质，以土壤栽培为对照，研究其对“亚历山大”葡萄的物候、植株生长及果实品质及翌年花芽质量和产量稳定性的影响。结果表明，有机基质比土壤栽培的葡萄萌芽期和花期早约1~2 d，成熟期相同，半基质延迟葡萄成熟约3 d；有机基质栽培提高了葡萄果实中的糖酸、芳樟醇和香叶醇含量，对果实大小和翌年旳成花质量无显著影响；半基质栽培提高了葡萄果实中香叶醇含量，但果实大小和果实糖含量都明显降低。这可能与半基质栽培使植株长势过旺、叶面积小、叶片叶绿素值低有关。有机基质栽培改善了“亚历山大”葡萄的品质，但栽培过程中由于水分和 pH 值变化较大，生产中需使用水肥一体化管理。
이구아충“아력산대”포도위시험재료，채용유궤기질[V（니탄토）∶V（퇴비）∶V（질석）=4∶1∶1]화반기질[V（유궤기질）∶V（토양）=1∶1]위재배기질，이토양재배위대조，연구기대“아력산대”포도적물후、식주생장급과실품질급익년화아질량화산량은정성적영향。결과표명，유궤기질비토양재배적포도맹아기화화기조약1~2 d，성숙기상동，반기질연지포도성숙약3 d；유궤기질재배제고료포도과실중적당산、방장순화향협순함량，대과실대소화익년적성화질량무현저영향；반기질재배제고료포도과실중향협순함량，단과실대소화과실당함량도명현강저。저가능여반기질재배사식주장세과왕、협면적소、협편협록소치저유관。유궤기질재배개선료“아력산대”포도적품질，단재배과정중유우수분화 pH 치변화교대，생산중수사용수비일체화관리。
Summary Cultivation of grape is popular in China,and the problem of nutrition disorders is becoming more and more obvious,especially in shelter cultivation with semi-closed environment.To diagnose this problem and produce safe grape to meet the need of high quality and food safety,“Muscat of Alexandria”(Vitis vinifera)was used as the experimental materials and cultivated in Changxing district of Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province. <br> Two kinds of substrates were carried out:One was organic substrate [V(peat)∶V(compost)∶V (vermiculite)=4∶1∶1],and the other was half organic substrate [V(soil)∶V(organic substrate)=1∶1],and soil was taken as a control.The two treatments and control were all cultured under root system.Physical and chemical characters of different substrates and their influence on vine growth,phenology and berry quality of grapes were investigated.The results were shown as follows:1) The date of budding and flowering in organic substrate and half organic substrate was 1 to 2 days earlier than in soil,but the maturity date had no difference between the soil and organic substrate;the half organic substrate delayed the date of color turning for about a week,and delayed the date of maturity for 3 days.2) The branch length,branch thickness,leaf area and leaf greenness at different periods were measured in this study.Compared with the soil,grapes cultivated in organic substrate had longer branch length,smaller leaf area,and lower leaf greenness from young fruit stage to stone hardening stage;grapes cultivated in half organic substrate had the longest branch length with smallest leaf area in all period of the vine,and the chlorophyll content was lower than the control in most time.3)The diameter of berry had no difference between the soil and organic substrate,but the berry in half organic substrate had the smallest size;the single fruit mass also had no difference between the soil and organic substrate,but the mass in half organic substrate was the lowest;the berry firmness between the half organic substrate and organic substrate had no difference,which was higher than that in soil.4) Organic substrate improved the sugar and acid content in flesh,and the content of sugar decreased in half organic substrate.The content of berry volatile aroma components was also increased in the organic substrate;and the content of geraniol in berry was increased in the half substrate,but the content of linalool was reduced, which was probably caused by the lower leaf area,leaf greenness and the stronger growth potential. <br> In summary,organic substrate improved the quality of the berries.However,the pH value of the organic substrate declined obviously,and its performance on water retention capacity was not good.We suggested that the integrated management of fertilization and irrigation should be applied to solve these problems.