CAJ | 학술논문

在《理想国》中，柏拉图认为“唯一正确的”统治形式是“哲学家成为国王，或国王成为哲学家”，其他四种政体（荣誉制、寡头制、民主制、僭主制）是上述这种“唯一正确的”政体没有得到很好维护而逐步退化的结果。在《政治家》《法律篇》等著作中，柏拉图将“唯一正确的”政体称作“第七种政体”，认为这种政体应与其他六种可能出现的政体完全分开，就像神与人要分开一样；与《理想国》的另外一个不同在于，在《政治家》《法律篇》等著作中，是否根据法律实行统治成为决定除“第七种政体”之外其他各种政体优劣的主要标准。总之，“第七种政体”这个概念的出现，表明柏拉图已基本放弃在现实中实现“圣人之治”（人治）的幻想，而把“依法治国”（法治）看作明智的、务实的选择。从“哲学王”到“第七种政体”，表明柏拉图的政体理论经历了从推崇“人治”向倡导“法治”转变的过程。
재《이상국》중，백랍도인위“유일정학적”통치형식시“철학가성위국왕，혹국왕성위철학가”，기타사충정체（영예제、과두제、민주제、참주제）시상술저충“유일정학적”정체몰유득도흔호유호이축보퇴화적결과。재《정치가》《법률편》등저작중，백랍도장“유일정학적”정체칭작“제칠충정체”，인위저충정체응여기타륙충가능출현적정체완전분개，취상신여인요분개일양；여《이상국》적령외일개불동재우，재《정치가》《법률편》등저작중，시부근거법률실행통치성위결정제“제칠충정체”지외기타각충정체우렬적주요표준。총지，“제칠충정체”저개개념적출현，표명백랍도이기본방기재현실중실현“골인지치”（인치）적환상，이파“의법치국”（법치）간작명지적、무실적선택。종“철학왕”도“제칠충정체”，표명백랍도적정체이론경력료종추숭“인치”향창도“법치”전변적과정。
In his Republic, Plato for the first time put forward his well-known theory of“philosopher kings”and regarded kingship or aristocracy as“the sole correct type“of political system ,and the other four types of political sys-tem which include the Spartan system,oligarchy,democracy and dictatorship as the results of the gradual degeneration of“the sole correct type”of political system. In his Statesman and Laws, Plato renamed“the sole correct type”of po-litical system above mentioned as“the seventh type of political system”. For Plato, this type of political system is too perfect to be realistic, so it should be differentiated from other possible six types of political system, just as deities and human beings should be differentiated from each other. At the same time, Plato emphasized the importance to rule by laws for all those six possible types of political system. In a word, it’s obvious that in his later years Plato paid much more attention to“rule by law”than“rule by philosophers”.