CAJ | 학술논문

通过人类学方法、历史研究法、文献资料法、数理统计法，追溯了牙买加人的“奥林匹克基因”从跨大西洋奴隶贸易至今的演化过程，揭开了“最快人种诞生”的神秘面纱。研究认为，西非人种的生物力学和生理生化特征使其比其他人种更适合从事短跑运动，跨大西洋奴隶贸易将西非人种的运动基因注入了加勒比地区，奴隶贩运途中引发的有利于短跑表现的代谢演化使加勒比地区的西非后裔比其他西非人种更容易在短跑项目中取得成功，西非黑奴到达美洲后，奠基者效应在“速度基因”上的体现又使牙买加人从加勒比地区的西非后裔中脱颖而出，科克皮特地区独特的文化传统、生存方式和生活环境使“马隆人”在短跑项目上的表现优于其他牙买加人，成为了最快的人种。此外，牙买加历史传统的熏陶、培养体系的激励、脱贫致富的动机也是“最快人种诞生”不容忽视的因素。
통과인류학방법、역사연구법、문헌자료법、수리통계법，추소료아매가인적“오림필극기인”종과대서양노대무역지금적연화과정，게개료“최쾌인충탄생”적신비면사。연구인위，서비인충적생물역학화생리생화특정사기비기타인충경괄합종사단포운동，과대서양노대무역장서비인충적운동기인주입료가륵비지구，노대판운도중인발적유리우단포표현적대사연화사가륵비지구적서비후예비기타서비인충경용역재단포항목중취득성공，서비흑노도체미주후，전기자효응재“속도기인”상적체현우사아매가인종가륵비지구적서비후예중탈영이출，과극피특지구독특적문화전통、생존방식화생활배경사“마륭인”재단포항목상적표현우우기타아매가인，성위료최쾌적인충。차외，아매가역사전통적훈도、배양체계적격려、탈빈치부적동궤야시“최쾌인충탄생”불용홀시적인소。
The dominance of Jamaican sprinters in international meets remains largely unex-plained .Through the methodology of anthropology ,history ,literature review and mathematical statistics ,this paper unveiled the fastest humans by tracing the development of sprinting in Ja-maica from the time of the transatlantic slave trade to the present day .This study suggested that performance of West Africans in sprint activities were superior to all other groups could be ascribed to their biomechanical and biochemical advantages ,and that performance of West Afri-can descent in sprint activities were superior to West African could be ascribed to the metabolic evolution during the transatlantic slave trade ,and that performance of Jamaicans in sprint activ-ities were superior to all other West African descent could be ascribed to the effects of Founder Effect on the frequency of ACTN-3 ,and that success of individuals of Jamaica’s Maroons in sprint activities could be ascribed to the special cultural heritage ,survival way and living condi-tions of Cockpit country .In addition ,historical traditions ,training system and the desire to out of poverty play an important role in the birth of the fastest humans .