CAJ | 학술논문

为减少养猪场废弃物排放和化肥使用，降低环境污染，最大限度将猪粪肥料化，采用盆栽试验方法，在自然降雨条件下模拟研究了亚热带红壤丘陵区花生-萝卜轮作体系下红黏土红壤对猪粪的安全消纳能力。试验设在江西鹰潭中国科学院红壤生态试验站，供试土壤肥力水平中等（有机碳5.16 g·kg-1，Olsen-P 28.34 mg·kg-1）。试验以3组化肥水平为基础（不施化肥，常规化肥减半，常规化肥用量），常规化肥年施肥量为：N 100 kg·hm-2，P 50 kg·hm-2，K 100 kg·hm-2。每个化肥用量基础上分别设置7个猪粪施肥梯度（以P计）：0、25、50、100、200、400、800 kg P·hm-2。通过监测两年土壤渗漏水中铵态氮、硝态氮和总磷浓度变化，结合作物产量和土壤养分含量变化，初步确定了花生-萝卜轮作体系下红黏土红壤对猪粪的安全消纳量。结果表明：（1）从地下水和土壤环境角度分析，在不施化肥情况下，猪粪施用量应低于200 kg P·hm-2，常用化肥用量减半时，猪粪安全用量为不高于100 kg P·hm-2；常规化肥用量下，即使不施猪粪，渗漏水硝态氮浓度已经有引起污染的风险。（2）从作物产量角度考虑，猪粪和化肥配合施用时猪粪用量超过100 kg P·hm-2时不能使作物显著增产。因此，在保证经济效益和环境生态效益的同时，确定年化肥用量为常规用量减半水平，花生-萝卜轮作体系下红黏土红壤猪粪最大安全消纳量为100 kg P·hm-2，相当于每年施用鲜猪粪24000 kg·hm-2。
위감소양저장폐기물배방화화비사용，강저배경오염，최대한도장저분비료화，채용분재시험방법，재자연강우조건하모의연구료아열대홍양구릉구화생-라복륜작체계하홍점토홍양대저분적안전소납능력。시험설재강서응담중국과학원홍양생태시험참，공시토양비력수평중등（유궤탄5.16 g·kg-1，Olsen-P 28.34 mg·kg-1）。시험이3조화비수평위기출（불시화비，상규화비감반，상규화비용량），상규화비년시비량위：N 100 kg·hm-2，P 50 kg·hm-2，K 100 kg·hm-2。매개화비용량기출상분별설치7개저분시비제도（이P계）：0、25、50、100、200、400、800 kg P·hm-2。통과감측량년토양삼루수중안태담、초태담화총린농도변화，결합작물산량화토양양분함량변화，초보학정료화생-라복륜작체계하홍점토홍양대저분적안전소납량。결과표명：（1）종지하수화토양배경각도분석，재불시화비정황하，저분시용량응저우200 kg P·hm-2，상용화비용량감반시，저분안전용량위불고우100 kg P·hm-2；상규화비용량하，즉사불시저분，삼루수초태담농도이경유인기오염적풍험。（2）종작물산량각도고필，저분화화비배합시용시저분용량초과100 kg P·hm-2시불능사작물현저증산。인차，재보증경제효익화배경생태효익적동시，학정년화비용량위상규용량감반수평，화생-라복륜작체계하홍점토홍양저분최대안전소납량위100 kg P·hm-2，상당우매년시용선저분24000 kg·hm-2。
Studying pig manure maximum loading capacity of soil would maximize manure utilization, reduce use of chemical fertilizer and prevent environmental pollution. In this study, maximum loading capacity of red clay soil for pig manure in peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)-radish(Raphanus sativus L.)system was investigated in a pot experiment under natural rainfall in Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Three levels of chemical fertilizer treatments (zero, half and full level of chemical fertilizer)were set up in medium fertile red clay soil(soil organic carbon 5.16 g·kg-1,Olsen-P 28.34 mg·kg-1). The full level of chemical fertilizer was 100 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen, 50 kg·hm-2 of phosphorus and 100 kg·hm-2 of potassium. The chemical fertilizer was treated every year. Seven pig ma-nure rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 kg P·hm-2)were added to each chemical fertilizer treatment. Ammonium-N, nitrate-N and total phosphorus in leaching water, crop production and accumulation of nutrients in the soil were monitored. From the point of view of water and soil environment quality, the maximum safe application rate of pig manure should be less than 200 kg P·hm-2 for the treatment without chemical fertilizer, and 100 kg P·hm-2 for the treatment with half level of chemical fertilizer. However, there was risk of nitrate pollution in the treatment with full level of chemical fertilizer, even without pig manure added. Crop yields were not enhanced by applying pig manure at rates of more than 100 kg P·hm-2 together with chemical fertilizer. The present research indicates that under applying pig manure at 100 kg P·hm-2 or 24 000 kg·hm-2 manure would cut chemical fertilizers by half without reducing economic interests and environmental quality.