CAJ | 학술논문

为解决甜樱桃促成栽培产量和质量不稳定的问题，该研究根据甜樱桃促成栽培特点，研制了一种双热源半自动控温甜樱桃促成栽培系统。该系统以煤、柴为燃料的地炕式加热炉为补充加热方式，结合太阳能调控温度。通过与传统大棚比较，分析了该系统对甜樱桃栽培产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明：连续2a应用甜樱桃促成栽培系统的大棚产量稳定在11550 kg/hm2以上，优质果率超过80%，年经济效益比普通大棚高37%（2012年）和36%（2013年）。该系统采用半自动测控促成栽培环境，使环境因子的检测和报警实现自动化，明显降低了劳动强度，在甜樱桃促成栽培中推广应用，可取得显著经济效益。
위해결첨앵도촉성재배산량화질량불은정적문제，해연구근거첨앵도촉성재배특점，연제료일충쌍열원반자동공온첨앵도촉성재배계통。해계통이매、시위연료적지항식가열로위보충가열방식，결합태양능조공온도。통과여전통대붕비교，분석료해계통대첨앵도재배산량급경제효익적영향。결과표명：련속2a응용첨앵도촉성재배계통적대붕산량은정재11550 kg/hm2이상，우질과솔초과80%，년경제효익비보통대붕고37%（2012년）화36%（2013년）。해계통채용반자동측공촉성재배배경，사배경인자적검측화보경실현자동화，명현강저료노동강도，재첨앵도촉성재배중추엄응용，가취득현저경제효익。
With the rapid development of sweet cherry forcing cultivation, low yield and poor quality issues have become increasingly prominent. For this reason, the semi-automatic double-heat source forcing cultivation system of temperature control was developed for sweet cherry forcing cultivation. The key improvement in this greenhouse is based on the best environment factors for sweet cherry growth and development. This system is composed of automatic monitor and recorder for chilling requirement, high plastic greenhouse, double-heat sources appliance, automatic monitor and recorder for temperature and humidity, alarm system for environmental factors and some temperature adjustment devices six parts. Compared with traditional plastic greenhouse for sweet cherry forcing culture, the semi-automatic double-heat source forcing cultivation system has three improvements:1) chilling requirement selection and recording changed from manual to automatic method, which overcomes the difficult to accurately record chilling requirement in a short time and accurately monitor and calculate time of chilling requirement;2) heat sources changed from sole solar energy to the coal-wood and solar complementary appliance in the automatic control system, making it easy to effectively and accurately control the internal temperature and humidity of the greenhouse, especially in successive cloudy weather or low temperature days;and 3) the semi-automatic double-heat source forcing cultivation system uses semi-automatic control system, automated detection and alarm environmental factors, avoiding the frequent access to greenhouses and errors caused by manual recording, and greatly reducing the labor intensity and improving the accuracy of environment in greenhouse. When the chilling requirement was higher than 1200 hours, the semi-automatic double-heat source forcing cultivation greenhouse would be covered with plastic film, enhancing its resistance against cold weather. In this way, the greenhouse with the improved system could effectively control environmental factors within it. This study confirmed that the greenhouse with the system of the improvements above could achieve good results for cherry cultivation and environment adjustment. The results showed that the yield of sweet cherry using the semi-automatic double-heat source forcing cultivation system increased to 11 550 kg/hm2 and above 80% the sweet cherries were high-quality fruits in continuous two years (in the year of 2012 and 2013). Flavor and external appearance of sweet cherries were also better than those from the conventional greenhouse. The proportion of cherry with cold injury and cracking fruits was decreased in the improved greenhouse compared with the conventional greenhouse. Application of this technology in facility cultivation for sweet cherry can remarkably increase economic and social benefits of farmers. Furthermore, because the ground heating furnace body and heating furnace funnel are connected with the soil in greenhouse with the improved system, the thermal storage characteristics was improved and thus it is easy to control temperature in the greenhouse. Therefore, the semi-automatic double-heat source forcing cultivation system is suitable for cherry cultivation and can be used widely for facility cultivation.