CAJ | 학술논문

蝗虫爪尖能够形成用于稳固附着的机械锁合，抑制蝗虫在捕集滑板表面的滑移行为。为获取用于蝗虫捕集滑板研制的爪尖强度信息，利用自行设计的昆虫微力测试系统测试了蝗虫前足、中足、后足爪尖的剪切力；采用扫描电镜（scanning electron microscopy，SEM）分析了蝗虫爪尖及其断裂面的微形貌结构与几何特征，计算了爪尖断裂面的截面积，并据此测算了蝗虫爪尖的剪切强度。结果表明爪尖的剪切力介于197.4～243.6 mN，其中前足爪尖的剪切力最大，后足居中，中足最小；爪尖断裂面表现出层状的复合结构且具有显著不同的截面积（10847.6～13908.5μm2）；测算结果表明蝗虫爪尖的剪切强度介于14.2～22.5 MPa。该研究可为研制具有良好滑移功能蝗虫捕集滑板提供参考，并可促进灾害蝗虫光电诱导滑移捕集技术的发展。
황충조첨능구형성용우은고부착적궤계쇄합，억제황충재포집활판표면적활이행위。위획취용우황충포집활판연제적조첨강도신식，이용자행설계적곤충미력측시계통측시료황충전족、중족、후족조첨적전절력；채용소묘전경（scanning electron microscopy，SEM）분석료황충조첨급기단렬면적미형모결구여궤하특정，계산료조첨단렬면적절면적，병거차측산료황충조첨적전절강도。결과표명조첨적전절력개우197.4～243.6 mN，기중전족조첨적전절력최대，후족거중，중족최소；조첨단렬면표현출층상적복합결구차구유현저불동적절면적（10847.6～13908.5μm2）；측산결과표명황충조첨적전절강도개우14.2～22.5 MPa。해연구가위연제구유량호활이공능황충포집활판제공삼고，병가촉진재해황충광전유도활이포집기술적발전。
Plague locusts control is an important aspect in agricultural production, and the conventional method generally used for controlling locust plague is spraying pesticide. This method can quickly and effectively kill the plague locusts to prohibit the agricultural plants from being destroyed, but will result in serious environmental pollution ascribing to the pesticide residues. Many researchers have exerted their efforts to explore innovative methods to not only control the plague locusts, but also avoid the pesticide pollution. The photoelectric technology, i.e. inducing slippery trapping plague locust based on the phototaxis property of locust has been put forward. This technology relies on the spectrum light source to induce plague locusts, as well as depends on the slippery trapping plate and its related mechanical structure to make the trapped locusts in light source district effectively slide to corresponding equipment. In this technology, one of the most important aspects is developing slippery trapping plate with excellent slip function, which can greatly improve the trapping efficiency of photoelectric inducing machine for trapping plague locust. To acquire material strength properties of claw tip of plague locust used for guiding the selection of trapping plate materials, the shear forces of foreleg, mid-leg and hind-leg claws of the locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) were measured with insect micro-force measurement system designed in this paper. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microstructures and geometrical properties of the claw tips and their fracture sections were observed and analyzed, and sectional areas of the fracture sections were calculated with obtained SEM images and CAD (Computer-aided Design) software. Based on the acquired values of shear force and sectional area, the shear strength of locust claw tip was calculated. The results presented that the shear forces of locust claw tips were between 197.4 mN and 243.6 mN, and claw tips in forelegs exhibited the greatest value (243.6 ± 8.5 mN), whereas claw tips in mid-legs presented the smallest value (197.4 ± 8.9 mN), and the shear force of claw tips of hind-legs possess moderate value (215.3 ± 19.7 mN). The claw tips of forelegs, mid-legs and hind-legs of locust attachment system presented rather smooth surface and resembled a hemisphere at high magnifications, and these claw tips exhibited similar morphologies and structures but differed in geometrical dimensions. SEM images involving the fracture sections of locust claw tips indicated that the interior of the claw tips possessed composite multilayer structure which consisted of exocuticle and endocuticle. Section areas of the fractured claws had different values, and section area of the fractured claws in forelegs exhibited the smallest value (1 0847.6 ± 770.6 μm2), whereas the section areas of the fractured claws in mid-legs and hind-legs presented the greatest value (13 908.5 ± 825.7 μm2) and moderate value (12 664.5 ± 986.8 μm2), respectively. This obvious discrepancy of sectional areas presumably resulted from the difference of fracture positions. Based on the obtained shear force and section area, the shear strength of the claw tips was calculated, and the results demonstrated that the shear strength of claw tips in locust forelegs exhibited the value of (22.5 ± 1.5 )MPa, whereas the shear strengths of claw tips in locust mid-legs and hind-legs were( 14.2 ± 1.6 )MPa and (17.1 ± 2.1) MPa, respectively. The results here provide valuable information for developing locust trapping plate possessing excellent slip function, and probably promote the development of photoelectric technology of inducing slippery trapping plague locust.