CAJ | 학술논문

为提高具有成群分布小孔的水稻气力式精量穴播排种器对粳稻种子的排种精度，设计了一种直线型搅种齿，并采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验的方法，以吸种真空度、吸种盘转速、直线型搅种齿与吸孔边沿间距离以及搅种齿高度为影响因素对排种器排种精度进行了试验研究，依据试验结果建立了该排种器对粳稻种子的不同穴粒数的排种回归模型。结果显示：以（3～4）粒/穴率、3粒/穴率、4粒/穴率和≥5粒/穴率为评价指标建立的回归方程均拟合很好，并且均在0.05水平显著；基于生产需要对比确定最优吸附条件为真空度2.40 kPa、吸种盘转速30 r/min、直线型搅种齿距吸孔边沿8 mm且搅种齿高度3 mm。以含水率21.30%～21.79%的粳稻盐丰47号破胸芽种为对象，在吸孔直径1.8 mm、吸孔之间距离6.5 mm以及有清种装置时，进行了该排种器吸附精度验证试验，结果表明该排种器排出（3～4粒）/穴种子的概率为77.28%；≤2粒/穴种子的概率为3.04%，≥5粒/穴种子的概率为19.67%；试验结果与回归模型模拟结果接近，表明所获得的排种回归模型正确，并可用来预测排种效果。该研究结果可为水稻气力式排种器精量播种粳稻芽种时的结构、运动参数设计与优化以及排种性能预测提供重要参考依据。
위제고구유성군분포소공적수도기력식정량혈파배충기대갱도충자적배충정도，설계료일충직선형교충치，병채용이차회귀정교선전조합시험적방법，이흡충진공도、흡충반전속、직선형교충치여흡공변연간거리이급교충치고도위영향인소대배충기배충정도진행료시험연구，의거시험결과건립료해배충기대갱도충자적불동혈립수적배충회귀모형。결과현시：이（3～4）립/혈솔、3립/혈솔、4립/혈솔화≥5립/혈솔위평개지표건립적회귀방정균의합흔호，병차균재0.05수평현저；기우생산수요대비학정최우흡부조건위진공도2.40 kPa、흡충반전속30 r/min、직선형교충치거흡공변연8 mm차교충치고도3 mm。이함수솔21.30%～21.79%적갱도염봉47호파흉아충위대상，재흡공직경1.8 mm、흡공지간거리6.5 mm이급유청충장치시，진행료해배충기흡부정도험증시험，결과표명해배충기배출（3～4립）/혈충자적개솔위77.28%；≤2립/혈충자적개솔위3.04%，≥5립/혈충자적개솔위19.67%；시험결과여회귀모형모의결과접근，표명소획득적배충회귀모형정학，병가용래예측배충효과。해연구결과가위수도기력식배충기정량파충갱도아충시적결구、운동삼수설계여우화이급배충성능예측제공중요삼고의거。
There are two rice varieties in China. One is Japonica rice and another is Indica rice, and there are obvious differences between them. Due to the need to accurately obtain seed quantity for each hill in direct rice seeding, a novel precise pneumatic metering device was designed with a group sucking holes plate in a seed metering device, by which 3-4 seeds can be sucked and dropped at the same time. Existing experiments were conducted to investigate the sucking characteristics of the group holes on the sucking plate under vacuum, the diameter of the hole, and the seed-clearing device. For optimization of the pneumatic precise metering device structure and motion parameters, improving its capability on accurately sucking different rice varieties of seed, a kind of line-churning tooth was designed. A quadratic orthogonal rotation regression experiment was conducted to investigate the sucking characteristics of the precise pneumatic metering device under vacuum, the rotation speed of the plate, the distance between the sucking-hole center, and the line-churning tooth and height of the line-churning tooth. A probability about the quantity for each hill was used to evaluate the capability of the pneumatic precise metering device. The experimental equipment consisted of a pneumatic metering device with group holes, a U-shaped manometer, a positive and negative pressure air pipeline, a cut-off valve, and a vortex pump. In the experiments, the rotating speed of a sucking plate was 15-45 r/min and its diameter was 165 mm. The diameter of the sucking hole was 1.8mm, and the distance between sucking holes were 6.5mm, while the distance was 65 mm between the middle hole and the center of the plate. There were ten group holes on the plate, and every group had three sucking holes on a straight line of radius direction. A fingerlike clearing device was set on the plate while the distance was 123.75 mm between it and the center of the plate, its length was 38 mm, and the installation angle was 25° to vertical axis of the plate. The rice variety was pregnant Japonica rice seed whose name was Yanfeng 47. Its moisture content (wet basis) was 21.30%-21.79%, its 1000-grain was 30.03 g, its sphericity was 0.54, and its overall dimension (length×width×thickness) was 6.82 mm×3.23 mm×2.24 mm. Its sliding friction angle was 36.15°, and its natural repose angle was 27.12°. With a probability of (3-4) seeds per hill, a probability of three seeds per hill, a probability of four seeds per hill, and a probability of≥5 seeds per hill, four regression equations were established. Every equation’s evaluation of fitting was very good, and all equations were significant at the 0.05 level. The experimental results showed that there existed an optimization condition on the capability of the metering device to meet the needs of production. The optimization condition included that the vacuum was 2.4 kPa, the rotation speed was 30r/min, the distance between the churning tooth and sucking hole was 8mm, the seed churning tooth height was 3mm, the sucking hole diameter was 1.8 mm, and the distance between the holes was 6.5 mm. With the cleaning device, the probability of (3-4) seeds per hill of the metering device was 77.28%; in addition the ≤2 seeds probability was 3.04%, and ≥5 seeds probability was 19.67%, while the experimental results were very close to the regression model calculation results. The study proved that the metering device could accurately obtain seed quantity for each hill of pregnant Japonica seeds, and the regression model could be used to predict probable seed quantity for each hill. This study was an important reference basis for the pneumatic metering device on structure design and motion parameters optimization on seeding pregnant Japonica seeds.