CAJ | 학술논문

目的：考察3～5岁听障儿童的气质特点及其影响因素，为康复训练提供参考依据。方法选取111名3～5岁听障儿童，采用3～7岁儿童气质问卷施测。结果3～5岁听障儿童在气质各维度上的表现倾向不同（P＜0.05），适应度维度得分最高，其次为趋避性、心境、注意分散度和规律性，注意力持久性和反应阈得分最低。儿童性别、主要照顾人及其受教育水平、职业、家庭结构对听障儿童气质的多个维度具有显著影响（P＜0.05），主要表现在反应强度、注意力持久性、规律性、注意分散度、活动量、心境和适应度维度；助听设备和康复时间对听障儿童气质特点影响不明显（P＞0.05）。结论3～5岁听障儿童的气质受家庭、社会环境等多方面因素影响，但在具体特征上有其独特性。
목적：고찰3～5세은장인동적기질특점급기영향인소，위강복훈련제공삼고의거。방법선취111명3～5세은장인동，채용3～7세인동기질문권시측。결과3～5세은장인동재기질각유도상적표현경향불동（P＜0.05），괄응도유도득분최고，기차위추피성、심경、주의분산도화규률성，주의력지구성화반응역득분최저。인동성별、주요조고인급기수교육수평、직업、가정결구대은장인동기질적다개유도구유현저영향（P＜0.05），주요표현재반응강도、주의력지구성、규률성、주의분산도、활동량、심경화괄응도유도；조은설비화강복시간대은장인동기질특점영향불명현（P＞0.05）。결론3～5세은장인동적기질수가정、사회배경등다방면인소영향，단재구체특정상유기독특성。
Objective To explore the temperamental characteristics of 3-5-year-old children with hearing impairment under the total rehabilitation mode and the influential factors so as to provide references for the rehabilitation training. Methods A total of 111 hearing-impaired child aged 3-5 were investigated with the Parent Temperament Questionnaire (PTQ). Results The hearing-impaired children had different performance in different dimensions (P<0.05), with the highest score in the adaptability dimension, followed by approach-withdrawal, mood, distractibility and rhythmicity, and the lowest scores in persistence and threshold of reaction. The gender of children, types, occupations and education levels of main caregivers and family structures had significant effects on the children’s temperament in some aspects, mainly in intensity of reaction, persistence, rhythmicity, mood, distractibility and adaptability dimensions (P<0.05). The hearing devices and rehabilitation time had no significant effect on the temperament(P>0.05).Conclusion 3-5-year-old children with hearing impairment have distinct characteristics in the temperament, which can be influenced by many factors such as gender of children, types, education levels and occupations of main caregivers and family structures.