CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解贵州省正安县留守人群的贫血患病情况、影响因素以及对缺铁性贫血（IDA）防治知识的知晓度。方法选取正安县县城及其管辖的5个乡镇602名留守人群作为调查对象，按区域划分为县城组（203名）和乡镇组（399名）采用问卷调查的方式对其IDA患病情况、饮食习惯、个人及家庭基本情况和IDA防治知识进行调查、了解。结果调查对象中133名（22.1%）现患或曾经5年内患贫血，其中男41名，女92名；男性5年贫血患病率为17.7%（41/232），女性为24.9%（92/370），二者比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.286，P=0.038）；县城组203名中，5年内患贫血34名（16.7%），乡镇组399名中，5年内患贫血99名（24.8%），二者比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.082，P=0.024）；调查对象中418名（69.4%）有饮浓茶的习惯。男性调查对象中患贫血41名，其中有饮浓茶习惯35名（85.4%）；未患贫血的191名中，134名（70.2%）有饮浓茶的习惯，二者比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.947，P=0.047）；调查对象中157名（26.1%）以植物性膳食为主（平均1 d中肉、蛋、禽、鱼的总量低于125 g）。患贫血的133名中，以植物性膳食为主者53名（39.8%），未患贫血的469名中，以植物性膳食为主者104名（22.2%），二者比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=16.791，P<0.01）；大部分人对IDA的易患人群、病因、症状、危害、治疗以及预防措施等相关知识了解度不足。结论正安县留守人群饮浓茶和植物性膳食为主的饮食习惯是导致该地区贫血患病率较高的原因之一，且IDA防治知识知晓度低，改变饮食习惯结合加强IDA防治知识的宣传是降低该地区贫血患病率的有效方法。
목적：료해귀주성정안현류수인군적빈혈환병정황、영향인소이급대결철성빈혈（IDA）방치지식적지효도。방법선취정안현현성급기관할적5개향진602명류수인군작위조사대상，안구역화분위현성조（203명）화향진조（399명）채용문권조사적방식대기IDA환병정황、음식습관、개인급가정기본정황화IDA방치지식진행조사、료해。결과조사대상중133명（22.1%）현환혹증경5년내환빈혈，기중남41명，녀92명；남성5년빈혈환병솔위17.7%（41/232），녀성위24.9%（92/370），이자비교，차이유통계학의의（χ2=4.286，P=0.038）；현성조203명중，5년내환빈혈34명（16.7%），향진조399명중，5년내환빈혈99명（24.8%），이자비교，차이유통계학의의（χ2=5.082，P=0.024）；조사대상중418명（69.4%）유음농다적습관。남성조사대상중환빈혈41명，기중유음농다습관35명（85.4%）；미환빈혈적191명중，134명（70.2%）유음농다적습관，이자비교，차이유통계학의의（χ2=3.947，P=0.047）；조사대상중157명（26.1%）이식물성선식위주（평균1 d중육、단、금、어적총량저우125 g）。환빈혈적133명중，이식물성선식위주자53명（39.8%），미환빈혈적469명중，이식물성선식위주자104명（22.2%），이자비교，차이유통계학의의（χ2=16.791，P<0.01）；대부분인대IDA적역환인군、병인、증상、위해、치료이급예방조시등상관지식료해도불족。결론정안현류수인군음농다화식물성선식위주적음식습관시도치해지구빈혈환병솔교고적원인지일，차IDA방치지식지효도저，개변음식습관결합가강IDA방치지식적선전시강저해지구빈혈환병솔적유효방법。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anemia,and the awareness of prevention and treatment knowledge to iron deficiency anemia(IDA) among the rural left-behind population in Zheng′an county of Guizhou province. Methods A total of 602 left-behind people from 5 villages and towns in Zheng′an county were selected as respondents and obivided into county group(n=203) and town group(n=399) by territory,and the questionnaire survey was conducted to in-vestigate prevalence of IDA,dietary habits,individual and family basic situation,and prevention and treatment knowledge to IDA. Results Among all the respondents,133 cases(22.1%) were or had been with anemia within 5 years including 41 males and 92 females;the prevalence rate of anemia within 5 years was 17.7%(41/232) in male and 24.9%(92/370) in female,and the differ-ence had statistical significance(χ2=4.286,P=0.038);among the 203 cases of county group,34 case(16.7%) had anemia within 5 years,while among 399 cases of town group,99 cases(24.8%) had anemia within 5 years,and the difference between the two groups had statistical significance(χ2=5.082,P=0.024);418 cases(69.4%) of all the respondents had habit of drinking strong tea;among the 41 male left-behind people with anemia,35 cases(85.4%) had habit of drinking strong tea,134 cases(70.2%) form 191 left-behind people without anemia had habit of drinking strong tea,and the difference had statistical significance(χ2=3.947, P=0.047);among all the respondents,157 case(26.1%) relied maily on plant food(average total intake of meat,egg and fish was less than 125 g per day),among the 133 people with anemia,53 cases(39.8%) were mainly on plant food,while the other 469 people without anemia,104 cases(22.2%) were mainly on plant food,and the difference was statistically significant difference(χ2=16.791, P<0.001);most of people know insufficiently about IDA related knowledge including liability,pathogeny,symptoms,harm,treat-ment,precautionary measures and so on. Conclusion The dietary habit of drinking strong tea and plant-based meals of left-be-hind people in Zheng′an county is one of the reasons of higher anemia prevalence,moreover,awareness degree of precautionary knowledge to IDA is low. Changing dietary habits and strengthening precautionary knowledge to IDA are effective way to reduce prevalence rate of anemia in this areas.