CAJ | 학술논문

从历年的高考题分析，理综卷的第31题基本就是实验设计题，而该题的的得分率总是很低。分析原因，很多时候是学生对所需设计实验的实验变量把握不准。如何有效地从题干中提炼出实验的自变量和因变量是设计分组，明确实验组、对照组的关键。可以从实验目的、实验的方法步骤中利用自变量和因变量的因果关系来获取实验的变量信息。较复杂的实验题型，可运用分解目的法、反问分析法等方法明确实验的自变量，提高实验设计的准确性。
종력년적고고제분석，리종권적제31제기본취시실험설계제，이해제적적득분솔총시흔저。분석원인，흔다시후시학생대소수설계실험적실험변량파악불준。여하유효지종제간중제련출실험적자변량화인변량시설계분조，명학실험조、대조조적관건。가이종실험목적、실험적방법보취중이용자변량화인변량적인과관계래획취실험적변량신식。교복잡적실험제형，가운용분해목적법、반문분석법등방법명학실험적자변량，제고실험설계적준학성。
From the analysis of college entrance examination paper every year, the 31st question of Integrated Science is fre-quently experimental design problem, but its scoring is always very low. After analyzing the reasons, it turns out that the stu-dents usually cannot grasp experimental variables in designing experiments. How to effectively extract independent variables and dependent variables of experiment from the problem is the key to groups designing and confirming experimental group and control group. The experimental variable information can be obtained from the causality of dependent and independent variables in the experimental objective and process in the experiment analysis. Objective decomposition method and rhetori-cal question method can be used to confirm the independent variables of the experiments and improve the accuracy of the ex-perimental design when the experimental problem is more complicated.