CAJ | 학술논문

中国当今刑事鉴定争议频发。其中当事人与办案机关鉴定冲突最剧烈、不满手段最多样，且其社会影响最大者，目前主要聚集在部分死因鉴定领域。该类鉴定争议既滋生过度重复鉴定，更促使部分当事人上访、闹事，一度还以此衍生出暴力性群体事件。死因鉴定争议的发生，主要源于影响鉴定意见可信性的一系列因素，而非仅因为、甚或主要基于鉴定意见的客观可靠性。因此，为重塑中国刑事死因鉴定的公信力，必须走向从实践出发的法律研究与制度建构立场，以回应办案部门创建、并亟须理论提炼与立法改良的“过程导向信任”的鉴定争议解决机制。其关键措施，是通过死因鉴定程序的开放性与当事人双方（包括其聘请的法医专家）的充分参与性，从而实现鉴定意见的可信性或当事人可接受性；并以此领域的鉴定争议解决为突破口，进行鉴定制度改革，以提升中国整个刑事司法鉴定的公信力与可信性。
중국당금형사감정쟁의빈발。기중당사인여판안궤관감정충돌최극렬、불만수단최다양，차기사회영향최대자，목전주요취집재부분사인감정영역。해류감정쟁의기자생과도중복감정，경촉사부분당사인상방、료사，일도환이차연생출폭력성군체사건。사인감정쟁의적발생，주요원우영향감정의견가신성적일계렬인소，이비부인위、심혹주요기우감정의견적객관가고성。인차，위중소중국형사사인감정적공신력，필수주향종실천출발적법률연구여제도건구립장，이회응판안부문창건、병극수이론제련여입법개량적“과정도향신임”적감정쟁의해결궤제。기관건조시，시통과사인감정정서적개방성여당사인쌍방（포괄기빙청적법의전가）적충분삼여성，종이실현감정의견적가신성혹당사인가접수성；병이차영역적감정쟁의해결위돌파구，진행감정제도개혁，이제승중국정개형사사법감정적공신력여가신성。
Disputes of expert opinion frequently occurred in China’s criminal identiifcation. Forensic identiifcation on certain cause of death is among the most controversial and dissatisfying ifelds. Such disputes on the expert opinion caused excessive repeated identiifcations, and even led to petitions, disturbance and violent group events. The dispute, mainly due to a series of elements that affect the credibility of expert opinion, rather than simply because or mainly based on it’s objective reliability. So, the country must construct trust through process in dispute resolution system to rebuild the credibility of forensic examination on cause of death in criminal cases. The key measures are making the forensic examination process transparent and letting the parties (including forensic experts hired by the parties) fully participate in the identiifcation procedure, in order to establish credibility of the expert opinion or acceptability by the parties;forensic dispute resolution in such subject shall become a breakthrough to reform the whole appraisal system, ultimately for the purpose to improve credibility and trustworthiness of China’s forensic examinations in criminal cases.