草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2014年
5期
321-329
,共9页
草地载畜量%平衡理论%草畜平衡%季节畜牧业%适应性管理%经济载畜量%估算参数
草地載畜量%平衡理論%草畜平衡%季節畜牧業%適應性管理%經濟載畜量%估算參數
초지재축량%평형이론%초축평형%계절축목업%괄응성관리%경제재축량%고산삼수
grassland carrying capacity%equilibrium theoretical model%forage-livestock balance%seasonal hus-bandry industry%adaptive management%economic carrying capacity%estimate parameters
草畜平衡问题是中国草地畜牧业的核心问题，草畜平衡的理论依据、计算参数存在着争议和分歧。本文主要依据中国载畜量和草畜平衡研究成果，总结了中国草畜平衡研究和实践上的困境。指出以平衡理论为基础的草畜平衡，对主要由降水驱动的干旱、半干旱草地并不具有指导意义。草地生产力时空变异大，根据平均生产力和家畜平均采食量核算的草畜平衡无法做到动态平衡；“季节畜牧业”、“关键场”等理论在解决草畜时空相悖上也充满挑战。家畜单位、存栏数量、合适放牧率等主要估算参数的争议，还不能为草畜平衡实践提供切实可行的决策依据。探索草畜适应性动态管理，协调草地生产的生态、社会和经济功能，应是中国草畜平衡未来的研究重点。
草畜平衡問題是中國草地畜牧業的覈心問題，草畜平衡的理論依據、計算參數存在著爭議和分歧。本文主要依據中國載畜量和草畜平衡研究成果，總結瞭中國草畜平衡研究和實踐上的睏境。指齣以平衡理論為基礎的草畜平衡，對主要由降水驅動的榦旱、半榦旱草地併不具有指導意義。草地生產力時空變異大，根據平均生產力和傢畜平均採食量覈算的草畜平衡無法做到動態平衡；“季節畜牧業”、“關鍵場”等理論在解決草畜時空相悖上也充滿挑戰。傢畜單位、存欄數量、閤適放牧率等主要估算參數的爭議，還不能為草畜平衡實踐提供切實可行的決策依據。探索草畜適應性動態管理，協調草地生產的生態、社會和經濟功能，應是中國草畜平衡未來的研究重點。
초축평형문제시중국초지축목업적핵심문제，초축평형적이론의거、계산삼수존재착쟁의화분기。본문주요의거중국재축량화초축평형연구성과，총결료중국초축평형연구화실천상적곤경。지출이평형이론위기출적초축평형，대주요유강수구동적간한、반간한초지병불구유지도의의。초지생산력시공변이대，근거평균생산력화가축평균채식량핵산적초축평형무법주도동태평형；“계절축목업”、“관건장”등이론재해결초축시공상패상야충만도전。가축단위、존란수량、합괄방목솔등주요고산삼수적쟁의，환불능위초축평형실천제공절실가행적결책의거。탐색초축괄응성동태관리，협조초지생산적생태、사회화경제공능，응시중국초축평형미래적연구중점。
Ascertaining the correct balance between forage supply and livestock demand is a critical issue for grassland animal husbandry in China.Calculations are typically based on theoretical models that balance energy availability and requirement,and adoption has been hindered by disagreement as to the size and response to va-rious factors of the theoretical coefficients used.In this article we summarize progress in China in livestock feed budgeting research.Adoption of forage-livestock supply and demand calculations based on average net primary productivity and animal feed intake for arid and semi-arid rangeland characterised by uneven precipitation and wide seasonal temperature fluctuation may not deal with the complexity and uncertainty arising from seasonal imbalance between supply and demand within the ecosystem.Despite considerable progress in solving tempo-ral-spatial disequilibrium between grassland productivity and livestock requirement,major challenges remain for “seasonal animal husbandry”and “key pasture”.Parameter estimates commonly used as a basis for forage-livestock balance decision-making require standardisation.In particular,there is no consensus as to the applica-tion or method of determining parameters such as livestock substitution rate,livestock numbers,and appropri-ate stocking rate,among others.In future,research into forage production-livestock demand balance should fo-cus on exploring opportunities to reduce seasonal imbalance between forage supply and livestock demand,and on coordination of the ecological,social and economic functions of grassland.
