CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究丛枝菌根对植物凋落物降解的作用，采用四室分根装置即土壤室、根室、菌根室和菌丝室，分室间用37．4μm尼龙网和有机板分隔，尼龙网袋包埋蚕豆秸秆于不同分室内，以玉米为宿主植物，接种丛枝菌根真菌Glo-musmosseae。试验分别在移栽后第20、30、40、50、60天时取样，通过比较不同分室内在降解过程中土壤中酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性的动态变化、微生物量碳和氮及土壤呼吸的动态变化。研究结果表明：经60 d的培养后，与非根际土壤室（S）相比，根室（R）、菌根室（M）和菌丝室（H）蚕豆秸秆降解量分别提高了15．61％，20．54％和7．74％，降解系数分别提高了25．87％、35．00％和12．17％。M室中土壤酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性较其他三室都有显著提高，同时菌根室（M）和菌丝室的微生物量碳、氮与土壤呼吸作用也显著增加。因此，丛枝菌根真菌和宿主植物形成共生体系后，通过提高土壤酶活性、增加微生物量的大小和活性来作用于蚕豆秸秆的降解过程，成为造成玉米秸秆降解加快的重要原因，这也表明了丛枝菌根真菌土壤碳氮循环中的重要作用。
위료연구총지균근대식물조락물강해적작용，채용사실분근장치즉토양실、근실、균근실화균사실，분실간용37．4μm니룡망화유궤판분격，니룡망대포매잠두갈간우불동분실내，이옥미위숙주식물，접충총지균근진균Glo-musmosseae。시험분별재이재후제20、30、40、50、60천시취양，통과비교불동분실내재강해과정중토양중산성린산매、단백매화과양화경매활성적동태변화、미생물량탄화담급토양호흡적동태변화。연구결과표명：경60 d적배양후，여비근제토양실（S）상비，근실（R）、균근실（M）화균사실（H）잠두갈간강해량분별제고료15．61％，20．54％화7．74％，강해계수분별제고료25．87％、35．00％화12．17％。M실중토양산성린산매、단백매、과양화경매활성교기타삼실도유현저제고，동시균근실（M）화균사실적미생물량탄、담여토양호흡작용야현저증가。인차，총지균근진균화숙주식물형성공생체계후，통과제고토양매활성、증가미생물량적대소화활성래작용우잠두갈간적강해과정，성위조성옥미갈간강해가쾌적중요원인，저야표명료총지균근진균토양탄담순배중적중요작용。
The decomposition of plant residues plays an important role in the cycling of nutrients and sub-strates,especially the carbon-nitrogen cycle,which is influenced by many microorganisms that act in a role of consumer or decomposer and directly or indirectly accelerate the degradation process.The group of microorgan-isms known as,mycorrhizae are recognized as being of special importance as they have a special microhabitat and a unique role.Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)fungi can form mutualistic symbiosis with more than 80% of the higher plant species.The contribution of AM to the process of degradation of plant residues varied at differ-ent hierarchical levels (plant root,mycorrhizae within the root and the soil mycelium),although hit should be noted that accompanying bacteria also affect the process.In previous studies,most experiments were carried out with pot or other single compartment techniques,and this made it difficult to clarify the effects of mycorhi-zal symbiosis on degradation of plant residues.In the present study,a split-root technique with four compart-ments was used to quantitatively compare the degradation process..In this experiment,maize (Zeamays)was used as the host plant and was inoculated with the AM fungus,Glomusmosseae(G.m)and cultivated in the split root device with four compartments which were the mycorrhizosphere (M),rhizosphere (R ),hyphas-phere (H)and bulk soil (S).Broad bean (Viciafaba)straw was used as a test plant residue and embedded in the four compartments.Plants were harvested respectively at 20,30,40,50 and 60 days and plant residue deg-radation rate,soil enzymatic activity,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and soil respiration were measured in the four compartments.Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi accelerated the broad bean straw degradation in R,M and H with 15.61%,20.54%and 7.74%compare with in the S compartment.The catalase,protease,and acid phosphatase activities were higher in the R,M and H compartments than the S compartment,as was soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil respiration.The higher microbial ac-tivity in the compartments with AM fungi facilitated and accelerated the process of plant residue degradation. Enchancement of residue decomposition by mycorrhizae has significant implications for understanding of soil C and plant N acquisition in future research.