CAJ | 학술논문

为了进一步明确黄土高原半干旱区覆膜农田氮素循环变化动态及其机理，以夏玉米为研究对象，采用大田试验研究了覆膜管理对植株氮素（全氮）和土壤氮素（无机氮、全氮）变化动态的影响。试验结果表明：1）覆膜和不覆膜处理土壤NO3--N含量随玉米生育期的推进表现出近似斜“N”的变化规律。2）相对于不覆膜处理而言，覆膜处理地上部分氮素积累量表现出倒“V”型变化趋势。成熟期不覆膜处理茎叶中氮素残留较多，即将氮素更多地用于营养生长；而覆膜能使植株吸收的氮素更多地转移到籽粒中去，更多地用于生殖生长。3）对于不同土壤剖面不覆膜处理土壤全氮含量而言，覆膜处理随玉米生育期的推进表现出相似的“W”型变化规律。且随土壤深度增加，变化规律有所延迟。三叶期至拔节期由于植物根系长度限制出现下降趋势；拔节期至籽粒形成期，由于覆膜能够改善土壤水热状况进而影响土壤中氮素分布，故出现上升趋势；籽粒形成期至成熟期变化规律与植物地上部分总氮含量恰好相反，说明该阶段土壤中全氮变化与玉米的生长状况密切相关。根据本研究结果，覆膜对玉米生育前期土壤氮素变化影响较大，生育后期土壤氮素变化主要与玉米生长状况密切相关，且覆膜有助于提高玉米的产量和营养品质。
위료진일보명학황토고원반간한구복막농전담소순배변화동태급기궤리，이하옥미위연구대상，채용대전시험연구료복막관리대식주담소（전담）화토양담소（무궤담、전담）변화동태적영향。시험결과표명：1）복막화불복막처리토양NO3--N함량수옥미생육기적추진표현출근사사“N”적변화규률。2）상대우불복막처리이언，복막처리지상부분담소적루량표현출도“V”형변화추세。성숙기불복막처리경협중담소잔류교다，즉장담소경다지용우영양생장；이복막능사식주흡수적담소경다지전이도자립중거，경다지용우생식생장。3）대우불동토양부면불복막처리토양전담함량이언，복막처리수옥미생육기적추진표현출상사적“W”형변화규률。차수토양심도증가，변화규률유소연지。삼협기지발절기유우식물근계장도한제출현하강추세；발절기지자립형성기，유우복막능구개선토양수열상황진이영향토양중담소분포，고출현상승추세；자립형성기지성숙기변화규률여식물지상부분총담함량흡호상반，설명해계단토양중전담변화여옥미적생장상황밀절상관。근거본연구결과，복막대옥미생육전기토양담소변화영향교대，생육후기토양담소변화주요여옥미생장상황밀절상관，차복막유조우제고옥미적산량화영양품질。
Plastic mulch is often used in maize production systems on the Loess Plateau.The effect of plastic mulch on plant and soil nitrogen (N)(inorganic and total N)of maize in semi-arid farmland was investigated in a field experiment.There were two mulching treatments;mulching and no mulching.No fertilizer N was ap-plied to any plots.The trial was a randomized block design with 3 replicates.The results showed that:1)Soil NO3 --N increased as the season progressed with little mulch effect on seasonal variation.2)No mulching re-sulted in more N allocated to the vegetative organs at physiological maturity compared to mulched,whereas the mulched treatment resulted in more N being transferred from the vegetative organs to the grains during the grain filling period.3 )Mulching increased soil moisture.During the grain filling period the total N content of the aerial parts of the plants were closely related to soil N status.It is concluded that mulching significantly im-proved the yield and nutritional quality of maize.