干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2014年
5期
84-92
,共9页
双垄垄播%中垄型秋季覆膜%地膜全覆盖%黄土丘陵区%旱作%马铃薯
雙壟壟播%中壟型鞦季覆膜%地膜全覆蓋%黃土丘陵區%旱作%馬鈴藷
쌍롱롱파%중롱형추계복막%지막전복개%황토구릉구%한작%마령서
double ridge and ridge planting%medium ridge with mulching in autumn%whole plastic-film mulching%loess hilly region%dryland farming%potato
以建立黄土丘陵区地膜覆盖栽培的最佳模式，高效利用降雨资源为目的，于2011-2013年在庄浪县旱地进行了不同降雨年份地膜覆盖盖度、垄型、覆膜时期、垄高4因素马铃薯产量、经济效益和水分利用效率试验。结果表明：覆盖度、垄型、覆膜时期是全膜覆盖的关键因素，起垄高度在干旱年对产量影响明显。对产量和水分利用效率的影响次序为覆盖度＞垄型＞覆膜时期＞起垄高度。覆盖度显著影响产量、效益和水分利用效率，全覆盖优于半覆盖，半覆盖优于露地栽培。全覆盖较露地增产鲜薯21．2％，大中薯重提高23．63％，水分利用效率增加26．19％，半覆盖较露地增产鲜薯16．1％，大中薯重增加10．91％，水分利用效率增加16．62％。垄型对马铃薯产量影响明显，“凹”型双垄优于“弓”型单垄，其垄内0～60 cm的土壤储水量比“弓”型垄提高3．46％，其中20～40 cm增加10．58 mm，提高4．48％，增产16．9％，大中薯增加26．47％，水分利用效率增加18．20％。“秋覆膜”、“顶凌覆膜”、“播前覆膜”3个覆盖时期，以秋覆膜最佳，比播前覆膜产量增加15．31％，水分利用率提高14．56％，顶凌覆膜次之，较播前覆膜增产9．54％，水分利用率提高8．98％。“低垄”、“中垄”、“高垄”3个起垄高度，在不同降雨年份表现不同，降雨偏多的年份高垄栽培利于增产，降雨较少的年份低垄栽培为佳，各年度平均显示，低垄型和中垄型分别比高垄型增产1．72％和1．79％，水分利用效率提高3．61％和2．76％。在黄土高原旱作区马铃薯地膜全覆盖栽培以中垄型双垄垄播秋覆全膜栽培为最佳模式，较露地栽培增产49．16％，纯收益增加78．06％，水分利用效率提高56．79％，较全膜垄作侧播增产23．07％，纯收益增加43．93％，水分利用效率提高24．25％，实现了降雨资源的高效利用。
以建立黃土丘陵區地膜覆蓋栽培的最佳模式，高效利用降雨資源為目的，于2011-2013年在莊浪縣旱地進行瞭不同降雨年份地膜覆蓋蓋度、壟型、覆膜時期、壟高4因素馬鈴藷產量、經濟效益和水分利用效率試驗。結果錶明：覆蓋度、壟型、覆膜時期是全膜覆蓋的關鍵因素，起壟高度在榦旱年對產量影響明顯。對產量和水分利用效率的影響次序為覆蓋度＞壟型＞覆膜時期＞起壟高度。覆蓋度顯著影響產量、效益和水分利用效率，全覆蓋優于半覆蓋，半覆蓋優于露地栽培。全覆蓋較露地增產鮮藷21．2％，大中藷重提高23．63％，水分利用效率增加26．19％，半覆蓋較露地增產鮮藷16．1％，大中藷重增加10．91％，水分利用效率增加16．62％。壟型對馬鈴藷產量影響明顯，“凹”型雙壟優于“弓”型單壟，其壟內0～60 cm的土壤儲水量比“弓”型壟提高3．46％，其中20～40 cm增加10．58 mm，提高4．48％，增產16．9％，大中藷增加26．47％，水分利用效率增加18．20％。“鞦覆膜”、“頂凌覆膜”、“播前覆膜”3箇覆蓋時期，以鞦覆膜最佳，比播前覆膜產量增加15．31％，水分利用率提高14．56％，頂凌覆膜次之，較播前覆膜增產9．54％，水分利用率提高8．98％。“低壟”、“中壟”、“高壟”3箇起壟高度，在不同降雨年份錶現不同，降雨偏多的年份高壟栽培利于增產，降雨較少的年份低壟栽培為佳，各年度平均顯示，低壟型和中壟型分彆比高壟型增產1．72％和1．79％，水分利用效率提高3．61％和2．76％。在黃土高原旱作區馬鈴藷地膜全覆蓋栽培以中壟型雙壟壟播鞦覆全膜栽培為最佳模式，較露地栽培增產49．16％，純收益增加78．06％，水分利用效率提高56．79％，較全膜壟作側播增產23．07％，純收益增加43．93％，水分利用效率提高24．25％，實現瞭降雨資源的高效利用。
이건립황토구릉구지막복개재배적최가모식，고효이용강우자원위목적，우2011-2013년재장랑현한지진행료불동강우년빈지막복개개도、롱형、복막시기、롱고4인소마령서산량、경제효익화수분이용효솔시험。결과표명：복개도、롱형、복막시기시전막복개적관건인소，기롱고도재간한년대산량영향명현。대산량화수분이용효솔적영향차서위복개도＞롱형＞복막시기＞기롱고도。복개도현저영향산량、효익화수분이용효솔，전복개우우반복개，반복개우우로지재배。전복개교로지증산선서21．2％，대중서중제고23．63％，수분이용효솔증가26．19％，반복개교로지증산선서16．1％，대중서중증가10．91％，수분이용효솔증가16．62％。롱형대마령서산량영향명현，“요”형쌍롱우우“궁”형단롱，기롱내0～60 cm적토양저수량비“궁”형롱제고3．46％，기중20～40 cm증가10．58 mm，제고4．48％，증산16．9％，대중서증가26．47％，수분이용효솔증가18．20％。“추복막”、“정릉복막”、“파전복막”3개복개시기，이추복막최가，비파전복막산량증가15．31％，수분이용솔제고14．56％，정릉복막차지，교파전복막증산9．54％，수분이용솔제고8．98％。“저롱”、“중롱”、“고롱”3개기롱고도，재불동강우년빈표현불동，강우편다적년빈고롱재배리우증산，강우교소적년빈저롱재배위가，각년도평균현시，저롱형화중롱형분별비고롱형증산1．72％화1．79％，수분이용효솔제고3．61％화2．76％。재황토고원한작구마령서지막전복개재배이중롱형쌍롱롱파추복전막재배위최가모식，교로지재배증산49．16％，순수익증가78．06％，수분이용효솔제고56．79％，교전막롱작측파증산23．07％，순수익증가43．93％，수분이용효솔제고24．25％，실현료강우자원적고효이용。
In order to establish the best mode for plastic-film mulching and improve the rainfall use efficiency of potato production in loess hilly region,the effects of mulching degree,mulching time,ridge type,and ridge height on yield,economic benefit,and water use efficiency were investigated under different annual rainfall conditions in 201 1-2013 .The results showed that mulching degree,mulching time,and ridge type were the key factors for potato produc-tion,and ridge height significantly influenced on yield in dry year,with the order of mulching degree >ridge type >mulching time >ridge height .Mulching degree significantly influenced on yield,economic benefit and water use effi-ciency with the following order:whole plastic-film mulching >half plastic-film mulching >no mulching .Compared with no mulching,the yield,weight of large and medium tuber,and water use efficiency of whole plastic-film mulching were increased by 21.2%,23.63%,and 26.19%,and that of half plastic-film mulching by 16.1%,10.91%,and 16 .62%,respectively .Ridge type also had significant influence on yield .Autumn mulching showed the largest effect a-mong three mulching time .Compared with mulching before sowing,yield and water use efficiency of autumn were in-creased by 15 .31%and 14.56%,respectively.The effect of ridge height on potato production depended on annual rain-fall .High ridge showed favorable effect in rainy years,whereas the opposite was true in the drought year .Under the av-erage annual rainfall from 201 1 to 2013,yield and water use efficiency of low and medium ridge were increased by 1 .72%,1 .79%,3 .61%,and 2 .76%,as compared with the high ridge .The yield,economic benefit,and water use efficiency of double and medium ridges and ridge planting with whole plastic-film mulching were 49 .16%,78 .06%, and 56 .79%higher than that of no mulching,and 23 .07%,43 .93%,and 24 .25% higher than that of ridge side planting with whole plastic-film mulching .These method is suggested be used for potato production in loess hilly region .
