CAJ | 학술논문

以宁夏引黄灌区设施菜田番茄-黄瓜轮作体系为研究对象，采用田间定位试验与实地观测相结合的研究方法，对设施菜田硝态氮淋洗的季节特征及其环境因子和施肥管理对硝态氮淋洗的影响进行研究。研究结果表明：硝态氮淋失呈现明显的季节变化，峰值出现在7月夏季休闲期，黄瓜季（秋冬茬）淋洗显著高于番茄季（冬春季），常规施肥周年硝态氮淋洗量平均为185.7 kg·hm-2，优化施肥和调节碳氮比两处理硝态氮淋洗量比常规处理分别降低了10.6豫和8.3豫。设施菜田硝态氮淋失与浅层地下水位、土壤温度、土壤水分等环境因子季节性变化关系密切，浅层地下水位与硝态氮的淋失量呈极显著负相关，浅层地下水位埋深越浅，硝态氮淋失量越大；土壤水分和温度与硝态氮的淋失量呈显著正相关，随着土壤表层温度和含水量升高，硝态氮淋失增多。
이저하인황관구설시채전번가-황과륜작체계위연구대상，채용전간정위시험여실지관측상결합적연구방법，대설시채전초태담림세적계절특정급기배경인자화시비관리대초태담림세적영향진행연구。연구결과표명：초태담림실정현명현적계절변화，봉치출현재7월하계휴한기，황과계（추동치）림세현저고우번가계（동춘계），상규시비주년초태담림세량평균위185.7 kg·hm-2，우화시비화조절탄담비량처리초태담림세량비상규처리분별강저료10.6예화8.3예。설시채전초태담림실여천층지하수위、토양온도、토양수분등배경인자계절성변화관계밀절，천층지하수위여초태담적림실량정겁현저부상관，천층지하수위매심월천，초태담림실량월대；토양수분화온도여초태담적림실량정현저정상관，수착토양표층온도화함수량승고，초태담림실증다。
Extensive use of nitrogen fertilizers has caused nitrate leaching in greenhouse vegetable fields. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the seasonal changes of nitrate leaching and the effects of environmental factors and fertilization practices in a greenhouse tomato and cucumber rotation system in the Yellow River Irrigation Region of Ningxia. Nitrate leaching showed obvious seasonal changes. The leaching peak occurred during summer fallow period in July. Nitrate leaching losses were significantly higher in cucumber(autumn-winter season)than in tomato season(winter-spring season). The nitrate leaching for the whole year was about 185.7 kg·hm-2 in the con-ventional fertilization, while the amount of nitrate leaching decreased by 10.6% and 8.3% in optimal fertilization and optimal fertilization plus regulating soil C/N ratios, respectively. Losses of nitrate leaching were significantly negatively correlated with shallow groundwater depth, but significantly positively with soil moisture and soil temperature. These findings would be useful for reducing nitrate leaching from greenhouse vegetable systems.