CAJ | 학술논문

通过对新疆3种野生山楂-阿尔泰山楂、红果山楂和准噶尔山楂的花部结构特征进行测定和描述,并用扫描电镜对花粉粒表面形态特征进行观察,比较其差异,以此来探讨新疆野生山楂的花器官植物学特征差异.结果表明,3种野生山楂的花瓣形状和颜色均为椭圆形和白色,子房下位；花药颜色差异较明显,阿尔泰山楂和红果山楂为黄白色,准噶尔山楂则为粉红色；准噶尔山楂的花冠直径较大,为18．47 mm,阿尔泰山楂的花冠直径较小,为16．18 mm；红果山楂的花柱较长,为5．48 mm,阿尔泰山楂的较短,为4．75 mm；准噶尔山楂的花药较大,为1．93 mm ×1．19 mm,阿尔泰山楂的较小,为1．72 mm×1．13 mm.3种野生山楂的雌蕊均低于雄蕊,阿尔泰山楂和红果山楂多为五柱头花,准噶尔山楂则多为双柱头花.花粉均为超长球形,准噶尔山楂的花粉外壁纹饰密集,条脊较宽；阿尔泰山楂的外壁纹饰较稀疏；红果山楂的外壁纹饰较密集且整齐,穿孔较少.3种野生山楂花药颜色和柱头数差异明显；花粉粒由大到小排列为：准噶尔山楂＞红果山楂＞阿尔泰山楂,红果山楂和准噶尔山楂的外壁纹饰较密集,准噶尔山楂的条脊较宽.
통과대신강3충야생산사-아이태산사、홍과산사화준갈이산사적화부결구특정진행측정화묘술,병용소묘전경대화분립표면형태특정진행관찰,비교기차이,이차래탐토신강야생산사적화기관식물학특정차이.결과표명,3충야생산사적화판형상화안색균위타원형화백색,자방하위；화약안색차이교명현,아이태산사화홍과산사위황백색,준갈이산사칙위분홍색；준갈이산사적화관직경교대,위18．47 mm,아이태산사적화관직경교소,위16．18 mm；홍과산사적화주교장,위5．48 mm,아이태산사적교단,위4．75 mm；준갈이산사적화약교대,위1．93 mm ×1．19 mm,아이태산사적교소,위1．72 mm×1．13 mm.3충야생산사적자예균저우웅예,아이태산사화홍과산사다위오주두화,준갈이산사칙다위쌍주두화.화분균위초장구형,준갈이산사적화분외벽문식밀집,조척교관；아이태산사적외벽문식교희소；홍과산사적외벽문식교밀집차정제,천공교소.3충야생산사화약안색화주두수차이명현；화분립유대도소배렬위：준갈이산사＞홍과산사＞아이태산사,홍과산사화준갈이산사적외벽문식교밀집,준갈이산사적조척교관.
The 3 types of structural characteristics of Xinjiang wild hawthorn such as Altai hawthorn, Crabapple hawthorn and Junggar hawthorn were discovered and investigated,and the surface morphological characteristics of pollen grains were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM)to find the differ-ences of flower organs characteristics of Xinjiang wild hawhtorn.It suggested that the shape of the 3 types of wild hawthorn was oval,the color was white.They all have the inferior ovary.The anther color of Altai hawthorn and Crabapple hawthorn were yellow-white,that of Junggar hawthorn was pink.The cocolla di-ameter is 18.47 mm,that of Altai hawthorn was 1 6.18 mm;The style length of Crabapple hawthorn was 5.48 mm,that of Altai hawthorn was shorter accounting for 4.75 mm;The anther of Junggar hawthorn was bigger than others accounting for 1.93 mm×1.1 9 mm,that of Altai hawthorn was smaller than others,ac-counting for 1.72 mm× 1.13 mm.The pistil of 3 types of wild hawtorns all were lower than that of the stamem.Altai hawthorn and Crabapple hawthorn both have five stigmas and Jungger hawthorn has double stigmas and its exime ornamentation was dense,the ridge was wider than that of other two hawthorns;The exine ornamentation of Altai hawthorn was dense and in good order and fewer perforations.It was conducted that there were significant differences between anther color and stigma number of the 3 types of wild hawthorns.Thesize of pollen grains were sequenced as follows:Junggar hawthorn>Crabapple hawthorn>Altai hawthorn,the exine ornamentations of Crabapple hawthorn and Junggar hawthorn were denser,the ridge of Junggar hawthorn was wider than that of other two hawthorns.