CAJ | 학술논문

航天器在轨运行期间太阳光照条件下，受光电子发射影响，航天器光照表面的电位达到正的数十伏。航天器表面带电现象会对其在轨安全稳定运行和空间等离子体探测数据的准确性造成严重影响。带正电航天器周围电场中离子和电子的速率和空间分布被扭曲，等离子体电子在鞘层加速，光照产生的光电子被吸引进入传感器，在低能量下引起高计数率，而且加速仪器微通道板的老化，使低密度等离子体的测量变得异常困难。因此，必须对航天器的电位进行主动控制。液态金属离子源电位主动控制器已在许多航天器上得到广泛的应用，通过主要介绍国外关于液态金属离子源电位主动控制器在航天器上的应用，为自主研制电位主动控制器满足空间科学探测的需求提供参考，也为军事和应用卫星在轨可靠运行提供防护方法。
항천기재궤운행기간태양광조조건하，수광전자발사영향，항천기광조표면적전위체도정적수십복。항천기표면대전현상회대기재궤안전은정운행화공간등리자체탐측수거적준학성조성엄중영향。대정전항천기주위전장중리자화전자적속솔화공간분포피뉴곡，등리자체전자재초층가속，광조산생적광전자피흡인진입전감기，재저능량하인기고계수솔，이차가속의기미통도판적노화，사저밀도등리자체적측량변득이상곤난。인차，필수대항천기적전위진행주동공제。액태금속리자원전위주동공제기이재허다항천기상득도엄범적응용，통과주요개소국외관우액태금속리자원전위주동공제기재항천기상적응용，위자주연제전위주동공제기만족공간과학탐측적수구제공삼고，야위군사화응용위성재궤가고운행제공방호방법。
The spacecraft of operating in the sunlight will be affected by photoelectrons,and positive spacecraft poten-tials is up to several tens of volts at the illuminating surface of spacecraft. The charging phenomenon of spacecraft serious-ly impact on the safety and stable operation and accuracy of detection of its data. The velocity and spatial distributions of the ions and electrons are distorted in the electric field around the positive charged spacecraft,and plasma electrons are ac-celerated in the sheath. In addition,the reattracted photoelectrons enter into the sensors and cause high count rates at low energies,which not only makes it extraordinarily difficult to detect features of the low-density plasma but also accelerates the aging of the microchannel plates used in the instruments. Liquid metal ion source of active spacecraft potential control has been widely used in many satellites,which is introduced in this paper. China has to independently develop this active potential controller meeting the needs of space exploration,and providing protection and security for reliable operation in orbit to our military and application satellite.