甘肃农业科技
甘肅農業科技
감숙농업과기
GANSU AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2014年
10期
41-44,45
,共5页
西瓜%砂覆盖%砂石%粒径%根际温度
西瓜%砂覆蓋%砂石%粒徑%根際溫度
서과%사복개%사석%립경%근제온도
Watermelon%Gravel-sand mulching%Stand stone%Grain size%Temperature of rhizosphere
以不覆砂露地（CK）为对照，通过铺设砂石粒径为1～3 mm的毛砂、10～20 mm豆砂、80～120 mm扁平椭圆卵石和1～100 mm当地砂田普通混砂，研究不同粒径砂砾覆盖对砂田西瓜根际温度的效应，监测砂田0～25 cm不同深度土壤温度变化。结果表明，砂田早春0～25 cm土壤日均温度比对照高0.3～3.0℃，日最高温度随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低，各层土壤最高温度出现时间比对照滞后0.5～2.5 h。毛砂、豆砂、卵石和混砂覆盖下砂层5 cm处根际平均温度分别比对照增加了20.03%、20.66%、0.47%、8.48%，除卵石外，早春其余粒径砂砾覆盖的砂田砂下5 cm处根际温度显著高于对照；砂层下5 cm处土壤温度受外界环境的影响最大，其变化规律可用一元三次函数y=ax3+bx2+cx+d拟合，各处理拟合相关性系数均在0.87以上，其它土层曲线变化规律不明显。不同粒径的砂砾覆盖0～25 cm土壤温度增加效应从高到低顺序为豆砂、毛砂、混砂、卵石，其增加幅度随土壤深度的增加而减缓，豆砂和毛砂增温较慢，但增加幅度较大，卵石增温散温都快但增加量小。覆砂后0～25 cm根际最高温度毛砂、豆砂、卵石和混砂分别比对照增加了2.52、2.00、0.64、1.04℃，但不同深度土壤温度变化规律无明显差异。
以不覆砂露地（CK）為對照，通過鋪設砂石粒徑為1～3 mm的毛砂、10～20 mm豆砂、80～120 mm扁平橢圓卵石和1～100 mm噹地砂田普通混砂，研究不同粒徑砂礫覆蓋對砂田西瓜根際溫度的效應，鑑測砂田0～25 cm不同深度土壤溫度變化。結果錶明，砂田早春0～25 cm土壤日均溫度比對照高0.3～3.0℃，日最高溫度隨土層深度的增加而逐漸降低，各層土壤最高溫度齣現時間比對照滯後0.5～2.5 h。毛砂、豆砂、卵石和混砂覆蓋下砂層5 cm處根際平均溫度分彆比對照增加瞭20.03%、20.66%、0.47%、8.48%，除卵石外，早春其餘粒徑砂礫覆蓋的砂田砂下5 cm處根際溫度顯著高于對照；砂層下5 cm處土壤溫度受外界環境的影響最大，其變化規律可用一元三次函數y=ax3+bx2+cx+d擬閤，各處理擬閤相關性繫數均在0.87以上，其它土層麯線變化規律不明顯。不同粒徑的砂礫覆蓋0～25 cm土壤溫度增加效應從高到低順序為豆砂、毛砂、混砂、卵石，其增加幅度隨土壤深度的增加而減緩，豆砂和毛砂增溫較慢，但增加幅度較大，卵石增溫散溫都快但增加量小。覆砂後0～25 cm根際最高溫度毛砂、豆砂、卵石和混砂分彆比對照增加瞭2.52、2.00、0.64、1.04℃，但不同深度土壤溫度變化規律無明顯差異。
이불복사로지（CK）위대조，통과포설사석립경위1～3 mm적모사、10～20 mm두사、80～120 mm편평타원란석화1～100 mm당지사전보통혼사，연구불동립경사력복개대사전서과근제온도적효응，감측사전0～25 cm불동심도토양온도변화。결과표명，사전조춘0～25 cm토양일균온도비대조고0.3～3.0℃，일최고온도수토층심도적증가이축점강저，각층토양최고온도출현시간비대조체후0.5～2.5 h。모사、두사、란석화혼사복개하사층5 cm처근제평균온도분별비대조증가료20.03%、20.66%、0.47%、8.48%，제란석외，조춘기여립경사력복개적사전사하5 cm처근제온도현저고우대조；사층하5 cm처토양온도수외계배경적영향최대，기변화규률가용일원삼차함수y=ax3+bx2+cx+d의합，각처리의합상관성계수균재0.87이상，기타토층곡선변화규률불명현。불동립경적사력복개0～25 cm토양온도증가효응종고도저순서위두사、모사、혼사、란석，기증가폭도수토양심도적증가이감완，두사화모사증온교만，단증가폭도교대，란석증온산온도쾌단증가량소。복사후0～25 cm근제최고온도모사、두사、란석화혼사분별비대조증가료2.52、2.00、0.64、1.04℃，단불동심도토양온도변화규률무명현차이。
We conducted trial to study the temperature effects of rhizosphere in the gravel-sand mulching soil with different grain size on watermelon field. The trial involved four levels of gravel and sand diameter: 1~3 mm(A), 10~20 mm(B), 80~120 mm (C), 1~100 mm(D) and no gravel and sand mulching(CK) . All of treatments were randomized with three replications. The results shows that there was a change of reduce firstly then increase and reduce lastly in the temperature effects of rhizosphere in the gravel-sand mulching soil with different grain size on watermelon field . All the treatments increased the temperature of rhizosphere 0.3 to 3 ℃ compered with no gravel and sand mulching(CK). The maximal temperatue of rhizosphere was higher 20.03%、 20.66%、0.47%and 8.48% than control, and it reduced with increase of soil deepth, what is more, the time of occurrenc of it was late about 0.5 to 2.5 hours . The trents of temperature development of surface layer under 5 cm was same to the atmosphere, and developed regularity with three function(y =ax3 + bx2+cx +d, R2>0.87). The average temperature of suface layer 5 cm of the treatment A, B, C, D was 15.90、 15.99、 13.31 and 14.37 ℃. The order of increased temperature in the gravel-sand mulching soil with different grain size on watermelon field was: B >A >D >C. The rate of increase to temperature become slowly with the deepth of soil . Temperature of treatment A and B increased slowly but greadly, treatment C was quickly and less . There were no dfifference in dfifferent deepth of soil.
