CAJ | 학술논문

水资源危机、水环境恶化已成为我国所面临的严峻挑战，对我国的水资源利用效率进行科学合理的评价，并且讨论造成区域差异的影响因素显得尤为迫切。在全要素生产框架下，将环境要素纳入到效率分析中，利用数据包络分析模型，采用省级层面统计数据，以资本、劳动力和水资源使用量为投入，以国内生产总值与废水排放量为产出，计算我国2000～2011年区域水资源利用效率。研究发现，在时间序列上，我国各省份之间的用水效率差距逐年增大；在空间上，我国的水资源利用效率存在明显的东、中、西部区域差异。进一步研究发现，产业结构、经济发展水平、水资源禀赋、水的基础设施投入对区域水资源利用效率均有显著影响，而水价并没有对水资源利用效率产生显著影响。
수자원위궤、수배경악화이성위아국소면림적엄준도전，대아국적수자원이용효솔진행과학합리적평개，병차토론조성구역차이적영향인소현득우위박절。재전요소생산광가하，장배경요소납입도효솔분석중，이용수거포락분석모형，채용성급층면통계수거，이자본、노동력화수자원사용량위투입，이국내생산총치여폐수배방량위산출，계산아국2000～2011년구역수자원이용효솔。연구발현，재시간서렬상，아국각성빈지간적용수효솔차거축년증대；재공간상，아국적수자원이용효솔존재명현적동、중、서부구역차이。진일보연구발현，산업결구、경제발전수평、수자원품부、수적기출설시투입대구역수자원이용효솔균유현저영향，이수개병몰유대수자원이용효솔산생현저영향。
Crisis of water resource and deterioration of water environment have become an increasingly severe problem in China, so it is quite stringent to carry out scientific and reasonable evaluation of water resource utilization efficiency and discussion of related influencing factors in regional difference in China. In this paper, under the framework of total-factor productivity, environmental factors are integrated into efficiency analysis. By use of data envelopment analysis model and adoption of the statistic data in provincial level, regional water resource utilization efficiency from 2000 to 2011 is calculated with capital, labor force and water consumption as input and GDP and wastewater discharge as output. The results show that from the temporal perspective, differences in water utilization efficiency of the provinces in China have been widened increasingly year by year, and from the spatial perspective, there exist obvious regional disparities among East China, Central China and West China. Further results show that such factors as industrial structure, economic development level, water resource endowment and water infrastructure input have significant influences on regional water resource utilization efficiency, while water price has no much effect on it.