CAJ | 학술논문

为丰富温带草地生态系统土壤动物多样性的基础资料，为草地生态系统的保护和恢复提供科学依据，对吉林省长岭草原羊草草甸盐碱化草地的光碱斑、碱蓬群落、碱蒿群落、虎尾草群落和碱茅群落5种生境的大型土壤动物进行了调查。结果表明：在5种生境中共捕获大型土壤动物1210只，隶属于2门5纲14目。碱茅、虎尾草和碱蒿生境共有的优势类群是象甲科幼虫，碱蓬和光碱斑生境中以步甲科为优势类群。蝼蛄科动物为5个生境共有的常见类群。从地表至地下20 cm 深度，大型土壤动物类群数随深度增加而递减。碱茅、虎尾草、碱蒿和碱蓬生境大型土壤动物个体数在垂直分布上具有明显的表聚性。光碱斑生境中大型土壤动物个体数表现为10～20 cm 层＞0～10 cm 层＞20～30 cm 层。大型土壤动物群落多样性指数和均匀性指数均为碱茅＞虎尾草＞碱蓬＞碱蒿＞光碱斑，而优势度指数则相反。土壤动物多样性指数、个体数和类群数均与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关（P ＜0．01），与土壤 pH 值呈显著负相关（P ＜0．05），与土壤含水率相关性不显著。综合来看，随着盐碱地的恢复演替，盐碱化程度逐渐减弱，生境条件逐渐好转，土壤动物也越丰富，极度盐碱化的光碱斑生境最不适宜大型土壤动物生存。
위봉부온대초지생태계통토양동물다양성적기출자료，위초지생태계통적보호화회복제공과학의거，대길림성장령초원양초초전염감화초지적광감반、감봉군락、감호군락、호미초군락화감모군락5충생경적대형토양동물진행료조사。결과표명：재5충생경중공포획대형토양동물1210지，대속우2문5강14목。감모、호미초화감호생경공유적우세류군시상갑과유충，감봉화광감반생경중이보갑과위우세류군。루고과동물위5개생경공유적상견류군。종지표지지하20 cm 심도，대형토양동물류군수수심도증가이체감。감모、호미초、감호화감봉생경대형토양동물개체수재수직분포상구유명현적표취성。광감반생경중대형토양동물개체수표현위10～20 cm 층＞0～10 cm 층＞20～30 cm 층。대형토양동물군락다양성지수화균균성지수균위감모＞호미초＞감봉＞감호＞광감반，이우세도지수칙상반。토양동물다양성지수、개체수화류군수균여토양유궤질함량정현저정상관（P ＜0．01），여토양 pH 치정현저부상관（P ＜0．05），여토양함수솔상관성불현저。종합래간，수착염감지적회복연체，염감화정도축점감약，생경조건축점호전，토양동물야월봉부，겁도염감화적광감반생경최불괄의대형토양동물생존。
The soil macro-fauna in alkali spot,Suaeda glauca ,Artemisia anethiyolia ,Chioris virgata and Puccinellia tenuiflora habitats was investigated to enrich the basic data of soil animal diversity in temperate grassland ecosystem and provide the scientific basis for protection and recovery of grassland ecosystem.1210 soil macro-fauna, belonging to 14 orders, 5 classes, 2 phyla were captured. The dominant species in Artemisia anethiyolia , Chioris virgata and Puccinellia tenuiflora habitats is Curculionidae larva,and the dominant species is Carabidae larva in alkali spot and Suaeda glauca habitats.Grylotalpidae is the common species in five habitats.The macro-fauna species decreases with increase of soil depth from soil surface to underground 20 cm depth.The vertical distribution of macro-fauna individual number in Suaeda glauca ,Artemisia anethiyolia ,Chioris virgata and Puccinellia istenuiflora habitats is surface assemble.The individual number of soil macro-fauna is 10~20 cm depth>0~10 cm depth>20~30 cm depth.The diversity and evenness index of soil macro-fauna community is Puccinellia tenuiflora >Chioris virgata >Suaeda glauca >Artemisia anethiyolia > alkali spot,but the dominant index is on the contrary.The index of diversity,individual number and species number of soil macro-fauna shows the very significant positive correlations to soil organic matter content,significant negative correlations to soil pH and no significant correlation to soil moisture.In general,the quantity of soil macro-fauna increases with recovery succession of saline-alkali soil,gradual reduction of salinization degree and gradual improvement of habitat conditions,and soil macro-fauna does not exist in alkali spot habitat with extreme salinization.