CAJ | 학술논문

六溴环十二烷（hexabromocyclododecane，HBCD）是一种非芳香的溴代环烷烃，作为阻燃剂被广泛应用于塑料、泡沫、纤维、纺织品、电子产品及其他有机材料中，也可以作为聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、不饱和聚酯等塑料的阻燃添加剂。HBCD作为一种持久性有机污染物，能够在环境中长期积累、迁移和转化，对人类和环境构成潜在的的危害。随着全球 HBCD 用量的增加，HBCD造成的水体及土壤的污染也越来越严重，因此环境中HBCD修复技术的研究也日益成为各个国家和地区研究的热点之一。文章综述了近年来国内外关于 HBCD 的去除或降解技术，包括物理修复、化学修复和生物修复，同时阐述了各个修复方法的原理、条件及优缺点。重点介绍了光降解和微生物降解这两种修复方法：光降解是一种利用光照和催化剂使水体中 HBCD 发生降解的修复方法，该方法去除效率高、清洁环保，但发生条件高，并且成本较高；微生物降解是指利用环境中的某种微生物来实现HBCD降解的，HBCD在厌氧条件下的降解效率明显高于好氧的条件，微生物降解具有不产生二次污染、降解彻底等优点，但相关研究还很少，发展还不成熟。目前开展 HBCD 植物修复研究的报道也很少，因此探讨利用植物修复HBCD的研究应该成为今后此类工作的研究重点之一。关于未来HBCD修复研究的方向，作者认为光降解和微生物降解仍然是 HBCD 修复的主要研究重点；还可以尝试采用两种或两种以上的修复方法联用以达到满意的修复效果；另外，微生物共代谢等修复方法也是今后发展的主要方向。
륙추배십이완（hexabromocyclododecane，HBCD）시일충비방향적추대배완경，작위조연제피엄범응용우소료、포말、섬유、방직품、전자산품급기타유궤재료중，야가이작위취을희、취탄산지、불포화취지등소료적조연첨가제。HBCD작위일충지구성유궤오염물，능구재배경중장기적루、천이화전화，대인류화배경구성잠재적적위해。수착전구 HBCD 용량적증가，HBCD조성적수체급토양적오염야월래월엄중，인차배경중HBCD수복기술적연구야일익성위각개국가화지구연구적열점지일。문장종술료근년래국내외관우 HBCD 적거제혹강해기술，포괄물리수복、화학수복화생물수복，동시천술료각개수복방법적원리、조건급우결점。중점개소료광강해화미생물강해저량충수복방법：광강해시일충이용광조화최화제사수체중 HBCD 발생강해적수복방법，해방법거제효솔고、청길배보，단발생조건고，병차성본교고；미생물강해시지이용배경중적모충미생물래실현HBCD강해적，HBCD재염양조건하적강해효솔명현고우호양적조건，미생물강해구유불산생이차오염、강해철저등우점，단상관연구환흔소，발전환불성숙。목전개전 HBCD 식물수복연구적보도야흔소，인차탐토이용식물수복HBCD적연구응해성위금후차류공작적연구중점지일。관우미래HBCD수복연구적방향，작자인위광강해화미생물강해잉연시 HBCD 수복적주요연구중점；환가이상시채용량충혹량충이상적수복방법련용이체도만의적수복효과；령외，미생물공대사등수복방법야시금후발전적주요방향。
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a kind of brominated flame retardants (BRFs), widely used in plastics, foams, fibers, textiles, electronic products, and other organic materials. It can also be used as flame retardant additives in PE, polycarbonate, and unsaturated polyester plastics. This material has abilities of long-term accumulation, migration, and transformation as one of persistent organic pollutants (pops) in the environment, exerting a potential threat to human beings. The recent increasing usage of HBCD even make the situation worse. Technologies of removing HBCD in the environment have drawn much attention around the world. The recent domestic and abroad HBCD removal and degradation techniques, including physical remediation, chemical remediation, and bioremediation, are reviewed in this paper. The principles, applicable conditions, and pros and cons of the three methods are also discussed. Photo-degradation and microbial degradation are described in details. Utilizing light and catalyst in water, photo-degradation has advantages of high efficiency and clean environment, with drawbacks of critical conditions and high costs. Microbial degradation uses certain microorganisms to achieve HBCD degradation, and the degrading efficiency under anaerobic conditions is significantly higher than under aerobic conditions. This method does not produce secondary pollution. However, the development is not mature with few studies. The current HBCD phytoremediation is rarely reported. The usage of phytoremediation on HBCD should be focus of such research efforts in the future. The authors hold that the photo-degradation and microbial degradation shall be the main developing methods. Or the two above methods can be combined to acquire a better result. Microbial metabolism method is a promising technique for future development.